/*
  MIT License http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
  Author Tobias Koppers @sokra
*/

/* ["default"] */

/* ["default"].locals */

/* asset import */

/* binding */

/* harmony default export */

/* harmony export */

/* harmony import */

/* istanbul ignore else */

/* istanbul ignore file */

/* istanbul ignore if  */

/* istanbul ignore next  */

/* pkg: Courses FAT Client (css/Courses-FAT.css)*/

/* pkg: Courses FAT Client (js/Courses-FAT.js)*/

/* provided dependency */

/*#__PURE__*/

/**
   * @private
   */

/**
   * course type renderer
   * 
   * @param {} value
   * @return {}
   */

/**
   * deletes multiple records identified by their ids
   * 
   * @param   {Array} records Array of records or ids
   * @param   {Object} options
   * @return  {Number} Ext.Ajax transaction id
   * @success 
   */

/**
   * executed after record got updated from proxy
   * 
   * @private
   */

/**
   * generic apply changes handler
   */

/**
   * get the members grid panel
   * 
   * @return {GridPanel} membersGrid
   */

/**
   * init Tine.Courses.CourseGridPanel
   */

/**
   * initComponent
   */

/**
   * load members into members store / handle additional groups
   *
   * @param Array members
   */

/**
   * needed for request
   */

/**
   * onAddNewMember
   */

/**
   * onFileSelect
   * 
   * @param {} fileSelector
   * 
   * TODO wrap this into a uploadAction widget
   */

/**
   * onRecordLoad
   */

/**
   * onRecordUpdate
   */

/**
   * overwrite update toolbars function (we don't have record members yet)
   */

/**
   * returns cm
   */

/**
   * returns dialog
   * 
   * NOTE: when this method gets called, all initalisation is done.
   */

/**
   * returns dialog
   */

/**
   * update access of course(s)
   * 
   * @param {Ext.Action} button
   * @param {} event
   */

/**
   * update members grid
   */

/**
 * @type {Array}
 * Course model fields
 */

/**
 * @type {Array}
 * Coursetype model fields
 */

/**
 * @type {Tine.Tinebase.CourseType}
 * record definition
 */

/**
 * @type {Tine.Tinebase.Course}
 * record definition
 */

/**
 * A close relative of [`retry`]{@link module:ControlFlow.retry}.  This method
 * wraps a task and makes it retryable, rather than immediately calling it
 * with retries.
 *
 * @name retryable
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
 * @method
 * @see [async.retry]{@link module:ControlFlow.retry}
 * @category Control Flow
 * @param {Object|number} [opts = {times: 5, interval: 0}| 5] - optional
 * options, exactly the same as from `retry`, except for a `opts.arity` that
 * is the arity of the `task` function, defaulting to `task.length`
 * @param {AsyncFunction} task - the asynchronous function to wrap.
 * This function will be passed any arguments passed to the returned wrapper.
 * Invoked with (...args, callback).
 * @returns {AsyncFunction} The wrapped function, which when invoked, will
 * retry on an error, based on the parameters specified in `opts`.
 * This function will accept the same parameters as `task`.
 * @example
 *
 * async.auto({
 *     dep1: async.retryable(3, getFromFlakyService),
 *     process: ["dep1", async.retryable(3, function (results, cb) {
 *         maybeProcessData(results.dep1, cb);
 *     })]
 * }, callback);
 */

/**
 * A dependency-injected version of the [async.auto]{@link module:ControlFlow.auto} function. Dependent
 * tasks are specified as parameters to the function, after the usual callback
 * parameter, with the parameter names matching the names of the tasks it
 * depends on. This can provide even more readable task graphs which can be
 * easier to maintain.
 *
 * If a final callback is specified, the task results are similarly injected,
 * specified as named parameters after the initial error parameter.
 *
 * The autoInject function is purely syntactic sugar and its semantics are
 * otherwise equivalent to [async.auto]{@link module:ControlFlow.auto}.
 *
 * @name autoInject
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
 * @method
 * @see [async.auto]{@link module:ControlFlow.auto}
 * @category Control Flow
 * @param {Object} tasks - An object, each of whose properties is an {@link AsyncFunction} of
 * the form 'func([dependencies...], callback). The object's key of a property
 * serves as the name of the task defined by that property, i.e. can be used
 * when specifying requirements for other tasks.
 * * The `callback` parameter is a `callback(err, result)` which must be called
 *   when finished, passing an `error` (which can be `null`) and the result of
 *   the function's execution. The remaining parameters name other tasks on
 *   which the task is dependent, and the results from those tasks are the
 *   arguments of those parameters.
 * @param {Function} [callback] - An optional callback which is called when all
 * the tasks have been completed. It receives the `err` argument if any `tasks`
 * pass an error to their callback, and a `results` object with any completed
 * task results, similar to `auto`.
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback is passed
 * @example
 *
 * //  The example from `auto` can be rewritten as follows:
 * async.autoInject({
 *     get_data: function(callback) {
 *         // async code to get some data
 *         callback(null, 'data', 'converted to array');
 *     },
 *     make_folder: function(callback) {
 *         // async code to create a directory to store a file in
 *         // this is run at the same time as getting the data
 *         callback(null, 'folder');
 *     },
 *     write_file: function(get_data, make_folder, callback) {
 *         // once there is some data and the directory exists,
 *         // write the data to a file in the directory
 *         callback(null, 'filename');
 *     },
 *     email_link: function(write_file, callback) {
 *         // once the file is written let's email a link to it...
 *         // write_file contains the filename returned by write_file.
 *         callback(null, {'file':write_file, 'email':'user@example.com'});
 *     }
 * }, function(err, results) {
 *     console.log('err = ', err);
 *     console.log('email_link = ', results.email_link);
 * });
 *
 * // If you are using a JS minifier that mangles parameter names, `autoInject`
 * // will not work with plain functions, since the parameter names will be
 * // collapsed to a single letter identifier.  To work around this, you can
 * // explicitly specify the names of the parameters your task function needs
 * // in an array, similar to Angular.js dependency injection.
 *
 * // This still has an advantage over plain `auto`, since the results a task
 * // depends on are still spread into arguments.
 * async.autoInject({
 *     //...
 *     write_file: ['get_data', 'make_folder', function(get_data, make_folder, callback) {
 *         callback(null, 'filename');
 *     }],
 *     email_link: ['write_file', function(write_file, callback) {
 *         callback(null, {'file':write_file, 'email':'user@example.com'});
 *     }]
 *     //...
 * }, function(err, results) {
 *     console.log('err = ', err);
 *     console.log('email_link = ', results.email_link);
 * });
 */

/**
 * A helper function that wraps an array or an object of functions with `reflect`.
 *
 * @name reflectAll
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Utils
 * @method
 * @see [async.reflect]{@link module:Utils.reflect}
 * @category Util
 * @param {Array|Object|Iterable} tasks - The collection of
 * [async functions]{@link AsyncFunction} to wrap in `async.reflect`.
 * @returns {Array} Returns an array of async functions, each wrapped in
 * `async.reflect`
 * @example
 *
 * let tasks = [
 *     function(callback) {
 *         setTimeout(function() {
 *             callback(null, 'one');
 *         }, 200);
 *     },
 *     function(callback) {
 *         // do some more stuff but error ...
 *         callback(new Error('bad stuff happened'));
 *     },
 *     function(callback) {
 *         setTimeout(function() {
 *             callback(null, 'two');
 *         }, 100);
 *     }
 * ];
 *
 * async.parallel(async.reflectAll(tasks),
 * // optional callback
 * function(err, results) {
 *     // values
 *     // results[0].value = 'one'
 *     // results[1].error = Error('bad stuff happened')
 *     // results[2].value = 'two'
 * });
 *
 * // an example using an object instead of an array
 * let tasks = {
 *     one: function(callback) {
 *         setTimeout(function() {
 *             callback(null, 'one');
 *         }, 200);
 *     },
 *     two: function(callback) {
 *         callback('two');
 *     },
 *     three: function(callback) {
 *         setTimeout(function() {
 *             callback(null, 'three');
 *         }, 100);
 *     }
 * };
 *
 * async.parallel(async.reflectAll(tasks),
 * // optional callback
 * function(err, results) {
 *     // values
 *     // results.one.value = 'one'
 *     // results.two.error = 'two'
 *     // results.three.value = 'three'
 * });
 */

/**
 * A queue of tasks for the worker function to complete.
 * @typedef {Iterable} QueueObject
 * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
 * @property {Function} length - a function returning the number of items
 * waiting to be processed. Invoke with `queue.length()`.
 * @property {boolean} started - a boolean indicating whether or not any
 * items have been pushed and processed by the queue.
 * @property {Function} running - a function returning the number of items
 * currently being processed. Invoke with `queue.running()`.
 * @property {Function} workersList - a function returning the array of items
 * currently being processed. Invoke with `queue.workersList()`.
 * @property {Function} idle - a function returning false if there are items
 * waiting or being processed, or true if not. Invoke with `queue.idle()`.
 * @property {number} concurrency - an integer for determining how many `worker`
 * functions should be run in parallel. This property can be changed after a
 * `queue` is created to alter the concurrency on-the-fly.
 * @property {number} payload - an integer that specifies how many items are
 * passed to the worker function at a time. only applies if this is a
 * [cargo]{@link module:ControlFlow.cargo} object
 * @property {AsyncFunction} push - add a new task to the `queue`. Calls `callback`
 * once the `worker` has finished processing the task. Instead of a single task,
 * a `tasks` array can be submitted. The respective callback is used for every
 * task in the list. Invoke with `queue.push(task, [callback])`,
 * @property {AsyncFunction} unshift - add a new task to the front of the `queue`.
 * Invoke with `queue.unshift(task, [callback])`.
 * @property {AsyncFunction} pushAsync - the same as `q.push`, except this returns
 * a promise that rejects if an error occurs.
 * @property {AsyncFunction} unshiftAsync - the same as `q.unshift`, except this returns
 * a promise that rejects if an error occurs.
 * @property {Function} remove - remove items from the queue that match a test
 * function.  The test function will be passed an object with a `data` property,
 * and a `priority` property, if this is a
 * [priorityQueue]{@link module:ControlFlow.priorityQueue} object.
 * Invoked with `queue.remove(testFn)`, where `testFn` is of the form
 * `function ({data, priority}) {}` and returns a Boolean.
 * @property {Function} saturated - a function that sets a callback that is
 * called when the number of running workers hits the `concurrency` limit, and
 * further tasks will be queued.  If the callback is omitted, `q.saturated()`
 * returns a promise for the next occurrence.
 * @property {Function} unsaturated - a function that sets a callback that is
 * called when the number of running workers is less than the `concurrency` &
 * `buffer` limits, and further tasks will not be queued. If the callback is
 * omitted, `q.unsaturated()` returns a promise for the next occurrence.
 * @property {number} buffer - A minimum threshold buffer in order to say that
 * the `queue` is `unsaturated`.
 * @property {Function} empty - a function that sets a callback that is called
 * when the last item from the `queue` is given to a `worker`. If the callback
 * is omitted, `q.empty()` returns a promise for the next occurrence.
 * @property {Function} drain - a function that sets a callback that is called
 * when the last item from the `queue` has returned from the `worker`. If the
 * callback is omitted, `q.drain()` returns a promise for the next occurrence.
 * @property {Function} error - a function that sets a callback that is called
 * when a task errors. Has the signature `function(error, task)`. If the
 * callback is omitted, `error()` returns a promise that rejects on the next
 * error.
 * @property {boolean} paused - a boolean for determining whether the queue is
 * in a paused state.
 * @property {Function} pause - a function that pauses the processing of tasks
 * until `resume()` is called. Invoke with `queue.pause()`.
 * @property {Function} resume - a function that resumes the processing of
 * queued tasks when the queue is paused. Invoke with `queue.resume()`.
 * @property {Function} kill - a function that removes the `drain` callback and
 * empties remaining tasks from the queue forcing it to go idle. No more tasks
 * should be pushed to the queue after calling this function. Invoke with `queue.kill()`.
 *
 * @example
 * const q = async.queue(worker, 2)
 * q.push(item1)
 * q.push(item2)
 * q.push(item3)
 * // queues are iterable, spread into an array to inspect
 * const items = [...q] // [item1, item2, item3]
 * // or use for of
 * for (let item of q) {
 *     console.log(item)
 * }
 *
 * q.drain(() => {
 *     console.log('all done')
 * })
 * // or
 * await q.drain()
 */

/**
 * A relative of [`map`]{@link module:Collections.map}, designed for use with objects.
 *
 * Produces a new Object by mapping each value of `obj` through the `iteratee`
 * function. The `iteratee` is called each `value` and `key` from `obj` and a
 * callback for when it has finished processing. Each of these callbacks takes
 * two arguments: an `error`, and the transformed item from `obj`. If `iteratee`
 * passes an error to its callback, the main `callback` (for the `mapValues`
 * function) is immediately called with the error.
 *
 * Note, the order of the keys in the result is not guaranteed.  The keys will
 * be roughly in the order they complete, (but this is very engine-specific)
 *
 * @name mapValues
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Object} obj - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - A function to apply to each value and key
 * in `coll`.
 * The iteratee should complete with the transformed value as its result.
 * Invoked with (value, key, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all `iteratee`
 * functions have finished, or an error occurs. `result` is a new object consisting
 * of each key from `obj`, with each transformed value on the right-hand side.
 * Invoked with (err, result).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback is passed
 * @example
 *
 * // file1.txt is a file that is 1000 bytes in size
 * // file2.txt is a file that is 2000 bytes in size
 * // file3.txt is a file that is 3000 bytes in size
 * // file4.txt does not exist
 *
 * const fileMap = {
 *     f1: 'file1.txt',
 *     f2: 'file2.txt',
 *     f3: 'file3.txt'
 * };
 *
 * const withMissingFileMap = {
 *     f1: 'file1.txt',
 *     f2: 'file2.txt',
 *     f3: 'file4.txt'
 * };
 *
 * // asynchronous function that returns the file size in bytes
 * function getFileSizeInBytes(file, key, callback) {
 *     fs.stat(file, function(err, stat) {
 *         if (err) {
 *             return callback(err);
 *         }
 *         callback(null, stat.size);
 *     });
 * }
 *
 * // Using callbacks
 * async.mapValues(fileMap, getFileSizeInBytes, function(err, result) {
 *     if (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     } else {
 *         console.log(result);
 *         // result is now a map of file size in bytes for each file, e.g.
 *         // {
 *         //     f1: 1000,
 *         //     f2: 2000,
 *         //     f3: 3000
 *         // }
 *     }
 * });
 *
 * // Error handling
 * async.mapValues(withMissingFileMap, getFileSizeInBytes, function(err, result) {
 *     if (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *         // [ Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory ]
 *     } else {
 *         console.log(result);
 *     }
 * });
 *
 * // Using Promises
 * async.mapValues(fileMap, getFileSizeInBytes)
 * .then( result => {
 *     console.log(result);
 *     // result is now a map of file size in bytes for each file, e.g.
 *     // {
 *     //     f1: 1000,
 *     //     f2: 2000,
 *     //     f3: 3000
 *     // }
 * }).catch (err => {
 *     console.log(err);
 * });
 *
 * // Error Handling
 * async.mapValues(withMissingFileMap, getFileSizeInBytes)
 * .then( result => {
 *     console.log(result);
 * }).catch (err => {
 *     console.log(err);
 *     // [ Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory ]
 * });
 *
 * // Using async/await
 * async () => {
 *     try {
 *         let result = await async.mapValues(fileMap, getFileSizeInBytes);
 *         console.log(result);
 *         // result is now a map of file size in bytes for each file, e.g.
 *         // {
 *         //     f1: 1000,
 *         //     f2: 2000,
 *         //     f3: 3000
 *         // }
 *     }
 *     catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     }
 * }
 *
 * // Error Handling
 * async () => {
 *     try {
 *         let result = await async.mapValues(withMissingFileMap, getFileSizeInBytes);
 *         console.log(result);
 *     }
 *     catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *         // [ Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory ]
 *     }
 * }
 *
 */

/**
 * A relative of `reduce`.  Takes an Object or Array, and iterates over each
 * element in parallel, each step potentially mutating an `accumulator` value.
 * The type of the accumulator defaults to the type of collection passed in.
 *
 * @name transform
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {*} [accumulator] - The initial state of the transform.  If omitted,
 * it will default to an empty Object or Array, depending on the type of `coll`
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - A function applied to each item in the
 * collection that potentially modifies the accumulator.
 * Invoked with (accumulator, item, key, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
 * `iteratee` functions have finished. Result is the transformed accumulator.
 * Invoked with (err, result).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback provided
 * @example
 *
 * // file1.txt is a file that is 1000 bytes in size
 * // file2.txt is a file that is 2000 bytes in size
 * // file3.txt is a file that is 3000 bytes in size
 *
 * // helper function that returns human-readable size format from bytes
 * function formatBytes(bytes, decimals = 2) {
 *   // implementation not included for brevity
 *   return humanReadbleFilesize;
 * }
 *
 * const fileList = ['file1.txt','file2.txt','file3.txt'];
 *
 * // asynchronous function that returns the file size, transformed to human-readable format
 * // e.g. 1024 bytes = 1KB, 1234 bytes = 1.21 KB, 1048576 bytes = 1MB, etc.
 * function transformFileSize(acc, value, key, callback) {
 *     fs.stat(value, function(err, stat) {
 *         if (err) {
 *             return callback(err);
 *         }
 *         acc[key] = formatBytes(stat.size);
 *         callback(null);
 *     });
 * }
 *
 * // Using callbacks
 * async.transform(fileList, transformFileSize, function(err, result) {
 *     if(err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     } else {
 *         console.log(result);
 *         // [ '1000 Bytes', '1.95 KB', '2.93 KB' ]
 *     }
 * });
 *
 * // Using Promises
 * async.transform(fileList, transformFileSize)
 * .then(result => {
 *     console.log(result);
 *     // [ '1000 Bytes', '1.95 KB', '2.93 KB' ]
 * }).catch(err => {
 *     console.log(err);
 * });
 *
 * // Using async/await
 * (async () => {
 *     try {
 *         let result = await async.transform(fileList, transformFileSize);
 *         console.log(result);
 *         // [ '1000 Bytes', '1.95 KB', '2.93 KB' ]
 *     }
 *     catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     }
 * })();
 *
 * @example
 *
 * // file1.txt is a file that is 1000 bytes in size
 * // file2.txt is a file that is 2000 bytes in size
 * // file3.txt is a file that is 3000 bytes in size
 *
 * // helper function that returns human-readable size format from bytes
 * function formatBytes(bytes, decimals = 2) {
 *   // implementation not included for brevity
 *   return humanReadbleFilesize;
 * }
 *
 * const fileMap = { f1: 'file1.txt', f2: 'file2.txt', f3: 'file3.txt' };
 *
 * // asynchronous function that returns the file size, transformed to human-readable format
 * // e.g. 1024 bytes = 1KB, 1234 bytes = 1.21 KB, 1048576 bytes = 1MB, etc.
 * function transformFileSize(acc, value, key, callback) {
 *     fs.stat(value, function(err, stat) {
 *         if (err) {
 *             return callback(err);
 *         }
 *         acc[key] = formatBytes(stat.size);
 *         callback(null);
 *     });
 * }
 *
 * // Using callbacks
 * async.transform(fileMap, transformFileSize, function(err, result) {
 *     if(err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     } else {
 *         console.log(result);
 *         // { f1: '1000 Bytes', f2: '1.95 KB', f3: '2.93 KB' }
 *     }
 * });
 *
 * // Using Promises
 * async.transform(fileMap, transformFileSize)
 * .then(result => {
 *     console.log(result);
 *     // { f1: '1000 Bytes', f2: '1.95 KB', f3: '2.93 KB' }
 * }).catch(err => {
 *     console.log(err);
 * });
 *
 * // Using async/await
 * async () => {
 *     try {
 *         let result = await async.transform(fileMap, transformFileSize);
 *         console.log(result);
 *         // { f1: '1000 Bytes', f2: '1.95 KB', f3: '2.93 KB' }
 *     }
 *     catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     }
 * }
 *
 */

/**
 * An "async function" in the context of Async is an asynchronous function with
 * a variable number of parameters, with the final parameter being a callback.
 * (`function (arg1, arg2, ..., callback) {}`)
 * The final callback is of the form `callback(err, results...)`, which must be
 * called once the function is completed.  The callback should be called with a
 * Error as its first argument to signal that an error occurred.
 * Otherwise, if no error occurred, it should be called with `null` as the first
 * argument, and any additional `result` arguments that may apply, to signal
 * successful completion.
 * The callback must be called exactly once, ideally on a later tick of the
 * JavaScript event loop.
 *
 * This type of function is also referred to as a "Node-style async function",
 * or a "continuation passing-style function" (CPS). Most of the methods of this
 * library are themselves CPS/Node-style async functions, or functions that
 * return CPS/Node-style async functions.
 *
 * Wherever we accept a Node-style async function, we also directly accept an
 * [ES2017 `async` function]{@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/async_function}.
 * In this case, the `async` function will not be passed a final callback
 * argument, and any thrown error will be used as the `err` argument of the
 * implicit callback, and the return value will be used as the `result` value.
 * (i.e. a `rejected` of the returned Promise becomes the `err` callback
 * argument, and a `resolved` value becomes the `result`.)
 *
 * Note, due to JavaScript limitations, we can only detect native `async`
 * functions and not transpilied implementations.
 * Your environment must have `async`/`await` support for this to work.
 * (e.g. Node > v7.6, or a recent version of a modern browser).
 * If you are using `async` functions through a transpiler (e.g. Babel), you
 * must still wrap the function with [asyncify]{@link module:Utils.asyncify},
 * because the `async function` will be compiled to an ordinary function that
 * returns a promise.
 *
 * @typedef {Function} AsyncFunction
 * @static
 */

/**
 * Applies `iteratee` to each item in `coll`, concatenating the results. Returns
 * the concatenated list. The `iteratee`s are called in parallel, and the
 * results are concatenated as they return. The results array will be returned in
 * the original order of `coll` passed to the `iteratee` function.
 *
 * @name concat
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @category Collection
 * @alias flatMap
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - A function to apply to each item in `coll`,
 * which should use an array as its result. Invoked with (item, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
 * `iteratee` functions have finished, or an error occurs. Results is an array
 * containing the concatenated results of the `iteratee` function. Invoked with
 * (err, results).
 * @returns A Promise, if no callback is passed
 * @example
 *
 * // dir1 is a directory that contains file1.txt, file2.txt
 * // dir2 is a directory that contains file3.txt, file4.txt
 * // dir3 is a directory that contains file5.txt
 * // dir4 does not exist
 *
 * let directoryList = ['dir1','dir2','dir3'];
 * let withMissingDirectoryList = ['dir1','dir2','dir3', 'dir4'];
 *
 * // Using callbacks
 * async.concat(directoryList, fs.readdir, function(err, results) {
 *    if (err) {
 *        console.log(err);
 *    } else {
 *        console.log(results);
 *        // [ 'file1.txt', 'file2.txt', 'file3.txt', 'file4.txt', file5.txt ]
 *    }
 * });
 *
 * // Error Handling
 * async.concat(withMissingDirectoryList, fs.readdir, function(err, results) {
 *    if (err) {
 *        console.log(err);
 *        // [ Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory ]
 *        // since dir4 does not exist
 *    } else {
 *        console.log(results);
 *    }
 * });
 *
 * // Using Promises
 * async.concat(directoryList, fs.readdir)
 * .then(results => {
 *     console.log(results);
 *     // [ 'file1.txt', 'file2.txt', 'file3.txt', 'file4.txt', file5.txt ]
 * }).catch(err => {
 *      console.log(err);
 * });
 *
 * // Error Handling
 * async.concat(withMissingDirectoryList, fs.readdir)
 * .then(results => {
 *     console.log(results);
 * }).catch(err => {
 *     console.log(err);
 *     // [ Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory ]
 *     // since dir4 does not exist
 * });
 *
 * // Using async/await
 * async () => {
 *     try {
 *         let results = await async.concat(directoryList, fs.readdir);
 *         console.log(results);
 *         // [ 'file1.txt', 'file2.txt', 'file3.txt', 'file4.txt', file5.txt ]
 *     } catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     }
 * }
 *
 * // Error Handling
 * async () => {
 *     try {
 *         let results = await async.concat(withMissingDirectoryList, fs.readdir);
 *         console.log(results);
 *     } catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *         // [ Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory ]
 *         // since dir4 does not exist
 *     }
 * }
 *
 */

/**
 * Applies the function `iteratee` to each item in `coll`, in parallel.
 * The `iteratee` is called with an item from the list, and a callback for when
 * it has finished. If the `iteratee` passes an error to its `callback`, the
 * main `callback` (for the `each` function) is immediately called with the
 * error.
 *
 * Note, that since this function applies `iteratee` to each item in parallel,
 * there is no guarantee that the iteratee functions will complete in order.
 *
 * @name each
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @alias forEach
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - An async function to apply to
 * each item in `coll`. Invoked with (item, callback).
 * The array index is not passed to the iteratee.
 * If you need the index, use `eachOf`.
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all
 * `iteratee` functions have finished, or an error occurs. Invoked with (err).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if a callback is omitted
 * @example
 *
 * // dir1 is a directory that contains file1.txt, file2.txt
 * // dir2 is a directory that contains file3.txt, file4.txt
 * // dir3 is a directory that contains file5.txt
 * // dir4 does not exist
 *
 * const fileList = [ 'dir1/file2.txt', 'dir2/file3.txt', 'dir/file5.txt'];
 * const withMissingFileList = ['dir1/file1.txt', 'dir4/file2.txt'];
 *
 * // asynchronous function that deletes a file
 * const deleteFile = function(file, callback) {
 *     fs.unlink(file, callback);
 * };
 *
 * // Using callbacks
 * async.each(fileList, deleteFile, function(err) {
 *     if( err ) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     } else {
 *         console.log('All files have been deleted successfully');
 *     }
 * });
 *
 * // Error Handling
 * async.each(withMissingFileList, deleteFile, function(err){
 *     console.log(err);
 *     // [ Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory ]
 *     // since dir4/file2.txt does not exist
 *     // dir1/file1.txt could have been deleted
 * });
 *
 * // Using Promises
 * async.each(fileList, deleteFile)
 * .then( () => {
 *     console.log('All files have been deleted successfully');
 * }).catch( err => {
 *     console.log(err);
 * });
 *
 * // Error Handling
 * async.each(fileList, deleteFile)
 * .then( () => {
 *     console.log('All files have been deleted successfully');
 * }).catch( err => {
 *     console.log(err);
 *     // [ Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory ]
 *     // since dir4/file2.txt does not exist
 *     // dir1/file1.txt could have been deleted
 * });
 *
 * // Using async/await
 * async () => {
 *     try {
 *         await async.each(files, deleteFile);
 *     }
 *     catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     }
 * }
 *
 * // Error Handling
 * async () => {
 *     try {
 *         await async.each(withMissingFileList, deleteFile);
 *     }
 *     catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *         // [ Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory ]
 *         // since dir4/file2.txt does not exist
 *         // dir1/file1.txt could have been deleted
 *     }
 * }
 *
 */

/**
 * Applies the provided arguments to each function in the array, calling
 * `callback` after all functions have completed. If you only provide the first
 * argument, `fns`, then it will return a function which lets you pass in the
 * arguments as if it were a single function call. If more arguments are
 * provided, `callback` is required while `args` is still optional. The results
 * for each of the applied async functions are passed to the final callback
 * as an array.
 *
 * @name applyEach
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
 * @method
 * @category Control Flow
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} fns - A collection of {@link AsyncFunction}s
 * to all call with the same arguments
 * @param {...*} [args] - any number of separate arguments to pass to the
 * function.
 * @param {Function} [callback] - the final argument should be the callback,
 * called when all functions have completed processing.
 * @returns {AsyncFunction} - Returns a function that takes no args other than
 * an optional callback, that is the result of applying the `args` to each
 * of the functions.
 * @example
 *
 * const appliedFn = async.applyEach([enableSearch, updateSchema], 'bucket')
 *
 * appliedFn((err, results) => {
 *     // results[0] is the results for `enableSearch`
 *     // results[1] is the results for `updateSchema`
 * });
 *
 * // partial application example:
 * async.each(
 *     buckets,
 *     async (bucket) => async.applyEach([enableSearch, updateSchema], bucket)(),
 *     callback
 * );
 */

/**
 * Attempts to get a successful response from `task` no more than `times` times
 * before returning an error. If the task is successful, the `callback` will be
 * passed the result of the successful task. If all attempts fail, the callback
 * will be passed the error and result (if any) of the final attempt.
 *
 * @name retry
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
 * @method
 * @category Control Flow
 * @see [async.retryable]{@link module:ControlFlow.retryable}
 * @param {Object|number} [opts = {times: 5, interval: 0}| 5] - Can be either an
 * object with `times` and `interval` or a number.
 * * `times` - The number of attempts to make before giving up.  The default
 *   is `5`.
 * * `interval` - The time to wait between retries, in milliseconds.  The
 *   default is `0`. The interval may also be specified as a function of the
 *   retry count (see example).
 * * `errorFilter` - An optional synchronous function that is invoked on
 *   erroneous result. If it returns `true` the retry attempts will continue;
 *   if the function returns `false` the retry flow is aborted with the current
 *   attempt's error and result being returned to the final callback.
 *   Invoked with (err).
 * * If `opts` is a number, the number specifies the number of times to retry,
 *   with the default interval of `0`.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} task - An async function to retry.
 * Invoked with (callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - An optional callback which is called when the
 * task has succeeded, or after the final failed attempt. It receives the `err`
 * and `result` arguments of the last attempt at completing the `task`. Invoked
 * with (err, results).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise if no callback provided
 *
 * @example
 *
 * // The `retry` function can be used as a stand-alone control flow by passing
 * // a callback, as shown below:
 *
 * // try calling apiMethod 3 times
 * async.retry(3, apiMethod, function(err, result) {
 *     // do something with the result
 * });
 *
 * // try calling apiMethod 3 times, waiting 200 ms between each retry
 * async.retry({times: 3, interval: 200}, apiMethod, function(err, result) {
 *     // do something with the result
 * });
 *
 * // try calling apiMethod 10 times with exponential backoff
 * // (i.e. intervals of 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, ... milliseconds)
 * async.retry({
 *   times: 10,
 *   interval: function(retryCount) {
 *     return 50 * Math.pow(2, retryCount);
 *   }
 * }, apiMethod, function(err, result) {
 *     // do something with the result
 * });
 *
 * // try calling apiMethod the default 5 times no delay between each retry
 * async.retry(apiMethod, function(err, result) {
 *     // do something with the result
 * });
 *
 * // try calling apiMethod only when error condition satisfies, all other
 * // errors will abort the retry control flow and return to final callback
 * async.retry({
 *   errorFilter: function(err) {
 *     return err.message === 'Temporary error'; // only retry on a specific error
 *   }
 * }, apiMethod, function(err, result) {
 *     // do something with the result
 * });
 *
 * // to retry individual methods that are not as reliable within other
 * // control flow functions, use the `retryable` wrapper:
 * async.auto({
 *     users: api.getUsers.bind(api),
 *     payments: async.retryable(3, api.getPayments.bind(api))
 * }, function(err, results) {
 *     // do something with the results
 * });
 *
 */

/**
 * Caches the results of an async function. When creating a hash to store
 * function results against, the callback is omitted from the hash and an
 * optional hash function can be used.
 *
 * **Note: if the async function errs, the result will not be cached and
 * subsequent calls will call the wrapped function.**
 *
 * If no hash function is specified, the first argument is used as a hash key,
 * which may work reasonably if it is a string or a data type that converts to a
 * distinct string. Note that objects and arrays will not behave reasonably.
 * Neither will cases where the other arguments are significant. In such cases,
 * specify your own hash function.
 *
 * The cache of results is exposed as the `memo` property of the function
 * returned by `memoize`.
 *
 * @name memoize
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Utils
 * @method
 * @category Util
 * @param {AsyncFunction} fn - The async function to proxy and cache results from.
 * @param {Function} hasher - An optional function for generating a custom hash
 * for storing results. It has all the arguments applied to it apart from the
 * callback, and must be synchronous.
 * @returns {AsyncFunction} a memoized version of `fn`
 * @example
 *
 * var slow_fn = function(name, callback) {
 *     // do something
 *     callback(null, result);
 * };
 * var fn = async.memoize(slow_fn);
 *
 * // fn can now be used as if it were slow_fn
 * fn('some name', function() {
 *     // callback
 * });
 */

/**
 * Calls `callback` on a later loop around the event loop. In Node.js this just
 * calls `process.nextTick`.  In the browser it will use `setImmediate` if
 * available, otherwise `setTimeout(callback, 0)`, which means other higher
 * priority events may precede the execution of `callback`.
 *
 * This is used internally for browser-compatibility purposes.
 *
 * @name nextTick
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Utils
 * @method
 * @see [async.setImmediate]{@link module:Utils.setImmediate}
 * @category Util
 * @param {Function} callback - The function to call on a later loop around
 * the event loop. Invoked with (args...).
 * @param {...*} args... - any number of additional arguments to pass to the
 * callback on the next tick.
 * @example
 *
 * var call_order = [];
 * async.nextTick(function() {
 *     call_order.push('two');
 *     // call_order now equals ['one','two']
 * });
 * call_order.push('one');
 *
 * async.setImmediate(function (a, b, c) {
 *     // a, b, and c equal 1, 2, and 3
 * }, 1, 2, 3);
 */

/**
 * Calls the `iteratee` function `n` times, and accumulates results in the same
 * manner you would use with [map]{@link module:Collections.map}.
 *
 * @name times
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
 * @method
 * @see [async.map]{@link module:Collections.map}
 * @category Control Flow
 * @param {number} n - The number of times to run the function.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - The async function to call `n` times.
 * Invoked with the iteration index and a callback: (n, next).
 * @param {Function} callback - see {@link module:Collections.map}.
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback is provided
 * @example
 *
 * // Pretend this is some complicated async factory
 * var createUser = function(id, callback) {
 *     callback(null, {
 *         id: 'user' + id
 *     });
 * };
 *
 * // generate 5 users
 * async.times(5, function(n, next) {
 *     createUser(n, function(err, user) {
 *         next(err, user);
 *     });
 * }, function(err, users) {
 *     // we should now have 5 users
 * });
 */

/**
 * Calls the asynchronous function `fn` with a callback parameter that allows it
 * to call itself again, in series, indefinitely.

 * If an error is passed to the callback then `errback` is called with the
 * error, and execution stops, otherwise it will never be called.
 *
 * @name forever
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
 * @method
 * @category Control Flow
 * @param {AsyncFunction} fn - an async function to call repeatedly.
 * Invoked with (next).
 * @param {Function} [errback] - when `fn` passes an error to it's callback,
 * this function will be called, and execution stops. Invoked with (err).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise that rejects if an error occurs and an errback
 * is not passed
 * @example
 *
 * async.forever(
 *     function(next) {
 *         // next is suitable for passing to things that need a callback(err [, whatever]);
 *         // it will result in this function being called again.
 *     },
 *     function(err) {
 *         // if next is called with a value in its first parameter, it will appear
 *         // in here as 'err', and execution will stop.
 *     }
 * );
 */

/**
 * Course grid panel
 */

/**
 * Courses Edit Popup
 */

/**
 * Creates a `cargoQueue` object with the specified payload. Tasks added to the
 * cargoQueue will be processed together (up to the `payload` limit) in `concurrency` parallel workers.
 * If the all `workers` are in progress, the task is queued until one becomes available. Once
 * a `worker` has completed some tasks, each callback of those tasks is
 * called. Check out [these](https://camo.githubusercontent.com/6bbd36f4cf5b35a0f11a96dcd2e97711ffc2fb37/68747470733a2f2f662e636c6f75642e6769746875622e636f6d2f6173736574732f313637363837312f36383130382f62626330636662302d356632392d313165322d393734662d3333393763363464633835382e676966) [animations](https://camo.githubusercontent.com/f4810e00e1c5f5f8addbe3e9f49064fd5d102699/68747470733a2f2f662e636c6f75642e6769746875622e636f6d2f6173736574732f313637363837312f36383130312f38346339323036362d356632392d313165322d383134662d3964336430323431336266642e676966)
 * for how `cargo` and `queue` work.
 *
 * While [`queue`]{@link module:ControlFlow.queue} passes only one task to one of a group of workers
 * at a time, and [`cargo`]{@link module:ControlFlow.cargo} passes an array of tasks to a single worker,
 * the cargoQueue passes an array of tasks to multiple parallel workers.
 *
 * @name cargoQueue
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
 * @method
 * @see [async.queue]{@link module:ControlFlow.queue}
 * @see [async.cargo]{@link module:ControlFLow.cargo}
 * @category Control Flow
 * @param {AsyncFunction} worker - An asynchronous function for processing an array
 * of queued tasks. Invoked with `(tasks, callback)`.
 * @param {number} [concurrency=1] - An `integer` for determining how many
 * `worker` functions should be run in parallel.  If omitted, the concurrency
 * defaults to `1`.  If the concurrency is `0`, an error is thrown.
 * @param {number} [payload=Infinity] - An optional `integer` for determining
 * how many tasks should be processed per round; if omitted, the default is
 * unlimited.
 * @returns {module:ControlFlow.QueueObject} A cargoQueue object to manage the tasks. Callbacks can
 * attached as certain properties to listen for specific events during the
 * lifecycle of the cargoQueue and inner queue.
 * @example
 *
 * // create a cargoQueue object with payload 2 and concurrency 2
 * var cargoQueue = async.cargoQueue(function(tasks, callback) {
 *     for (var i=0; i<tasks.length; i++) {
 *         console.log('hello ' + tasks[i].name);
 *     }
 *     callback();
 * }, 2, 2);
 *
 * // add some items
 * cargoQueue.push({name: 'foo'}, function(err) {
 *     console.log('finished processing foo');
 * });
 * cargoQueue.push({name: 'bar'}, function(err) {
 *     console.log('finished processing bar');
 * });
 * cargoQueue.push({name: 'baz'}, function(err) {
 *     console.log('finished processing baz');
 * });
 * cargoQueue.push({name: 'boo'}, function(err) {
 *     console.log('finished processing boo');
 * });
 */

/**
 * Creates a `cargo` object with the specified payload. Tasks added to the
 * cargo will be processed altogether (up to the `payload` limit). If the
 * `worker` is in progress, the task is queued until it becomes available. Once
 * the `worker` has completed some tasks, each callback of those tasks is
 * called. Check out [these](https://camo.githubusercontent.com/6bbd36f4cf5b35a0f11a96dcd2e97711ffc2fb37/68747470733a2f2f662e636c6f75642e6769746875622e636f6d2f6173736574732f313637363837312f36383130382f62626330636662302d356632392d313165322d393734662d3333393763363464633835382e676966) [animations](https://camo.githubusercontent.com/f4810e00e1c5f5f8addbe3e9f49064fd5d102699/68747470733a2f2f662e636c6f75642e6769746875622e636f6d2f6173736574732f313637363837312f36383130312f38346339323036362d356632392d313165322d383134662d3964336430323431336266642e676966)
 * for how `cargo` and `queue` work.
 *
 * While [`queue`]{@link module:ControlFlow.queue} passes only one task to one of a group of workers
 * at a time, cargo passes an array of tasks to a single worker, repeating
 * when the worker is finished.
 *
 * @name cargo
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
 * @method
 * @see [async.queue]{@link module:ControlFlow.queue}
 * @category Control Flow
 * @param {AsyncFunction} worker - An asynchronous function for processing an array
 * of queued tasks. Invoked with `(tasks, callback)`.
 * @param {number} [payload=Infinity] - An optional `integer` for determining
 * how many tasks should be processed per round; if omitted, the default is
 * unlimited.
 * @returns {module:ControlFlow.QueueObject} A cargo object to manage the tasks. Callbacks can
 * attached as certain properties to listen for specific events during the
 * lifecycle of the cargo and inner queue.
 * @example
 *
 * // create a cargo object with payload 2
 * var cargo = async.cargo(function(tasks, callback) {
 *     for (var i=0; i<tasks.length; i++) {
 *         console.log('hello ' + tasks[i].name);
 *     }
 *     callback();
 * }, 2);
 *
 * // add some items
 * cargo.push({name: 'foo'}, function(err) {
 *     console.log('finished processing foo');
 * });
 * cargo.push({name: 'bar'}, function(err) {
 *     console.log('finished processing bar');
 * });
 * await cargo.push({name: 'baz'});
 * console.log('finished processing baz');
 */

/**
 * Creates a `queue` object with the specified `concurrency`. Tasks added to the
 * `queue` are processed in parallel (up to the `concurrency` limit). If all
 * `worker`s are in progress, the task is queued until one becomes available.
 * Once a `worker` completes a `task`, that `task`'s callback is called.
 *
 * @name queue
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
 * @method
 * @category Control Flow
 * @param {AsyncFunction} worker - An async function for processing a queued task.
 * If you want to handle errors from an individual task, pass a callback to
 * `q.push()`. Invoked with (task, callback).
 * @param {number} [concurrency=1] - An `integer` for determining how many
 * `worker` functions should be run in parallel.  If omitted, the concurrency
 * defaults to `1`.  If the concurrency is `0`, an error is thrown.
 * @returns {module:ControlFlow.QueueObject} A queue object to manage the tasks. Callbacks can be
 * attached as certain properties to listen for specific events during the
 * lifecycle of the queue.
 * @example
 *
 * // create a queue object with concurrency 2
 * var q = async.queue(function(task, callback) {
 *     console.log('hello ' + task.name);
 *     callback();
 * }, 2);
 *
 * // assign a callback
 * q.drain(function() {
 *     console.log('all items have been processed');
 * });
 * // or await the end
 * await q.drain()
 *
 * // assign an error callback
 * q.error(function(err, task) {
 *     console.error('task experienced an error');
 * });
 *
 * // add some items to the queue
 * q.push({name: 'foo'}, function(err) {
 *     console.log('finished processing foo');
 * });
 * // callback is optional
 * q.push({name: 'bar'});
 *
 * // add some items to the queue (batch-wise)
 * q.push([{name: 'baz'},{name: 'bay'},{name: 'bax'}], function(err) {
 *     console.log('finished processing item');
 * });
 *
 * // add some items to the front of the queue
 * q.unshift({name: 'bar'}, function (err) {
 *     console.log('finished processing bar');
 * });
 */

/**
 * Creates a continuation function with some arguments already applied.
 *
 * Useful as a shorthand when combined with other control flow functions. Any
 * arguments passed to the returned function are added to the arguments
 * originally passed to apply.
 *
 * @name apply
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Utils
 * @method
 * @category Util
 * @param {Function} fn - The function you want to eventually apply all
 * arguments to. Invokes with (arguments...).
 * @param {...*} arguments... - Any number of arguments to automatically apply
 * when the continuation is called.
 * @returns {Function} the partially-applied function
 * @example
 *
 * // using apply
 * async.parallel([
 *     async.apply(fs.writeFile, 'testfile1', 'test1'),
 *     async.apply(fs.writeFile, 'testfile2', 'test2')
 * ]);
 *
 *
 * // the same process without using apply
 * async.parallel([
 *     function(callback) {
 *         fs.writeFile('testfile1', 'test1', callback);
 *     },
 *     function(callback) {
 *         fs.writeFile('testfile2', 'test2', callback);
 *     }
 * ]);
 *
 * // It's possible to pass any number of additional arguments when calling the
 * // continuation:
 *
 * node> var fn = async.apply(sys.puts, 'one');
 * node> fn('two', 'three');
 * one
 * two
 * three
 */

/**
 * Creates a function which is a composition of the passed asynchronous
 * functions. Each function consumes the return value of the function that
 * follows. Composing functions `f()`, `g()`, and `h()` would produce the result
 * of `f(g(h()))`, only this version uses callbacks to obtain the return values.
 *
 * If the last argument to the composed function is not a function, a promise
 * is returned when you call it.
 *
 * Each function is executed with the `this` binding of the composed function.
 *
 * @name compose
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
 * @method
 * @category Control Flow
 * @param {...AsyncFunction} functions - the asynchronous functions to compose
 * @returns {Function} an asynchronous function that is the composed
 * asynchronous `functions`
 * @example
 *
 * function add1(n, callback) {
 *     setTimeout(function () {
 *         callback(null, n + 1);
 *     }, 10);
 * }
 *
 * function mul3(n, callback) {
 *     setTimeout(function () {
 *         callback(null, n * 3);
 *     }, 10);
 * }
 *
 * var add1mul3 = async.compose(mul3, add1);
 * add1mul3(4, function (err, result) {
 *     // result now equals 15
 * });
 */

/**
 * Determines the best order for running the {@link AsyncFunction}s in `tasks`, based on
 * their requirements. Each function can optionally depend on other functions
 * being completed first, and each function is run as soon as its requirements
 * are satisfied.
 *
 * If any of the {@link AsyncFunction}s pass an error to their callback, the `auto` sequence
 * will stop. Further tasks will not execute (so any other functions depending
 * on it will not run), and the main `callback` is immediately called with the
 * error.
 *
 * {@link AsyncFunction}s also receive an object containing the results of functions which
 * have completed so far as the first argument, if they have dependencies. If a
 * task function has no dependencies, it will only be passed a callback.
 *
 * @name auto
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
 * @method
 * @category Control Flow
 * @param {Object} tasks - An object. Each of its properties is either a
 * function or an array of requirements, with the {@link AsyncFunction} itself the last item
 * in the array. The object's key of a property serves as the name of the task
 * defined by that property, i.e. can be used when specifying requirements for
 * other tasks. The function receives one or two arguments:
 * * a `results` object, containing the results of the previously executed
 *   functions, only passed if the task has any dependencies,
 * * a `callback(err, result)` function, which must be called when finished,
 *   passing an `error` (which can be `null`) and the result of the function's
 *   execution.
 * @param {number} [concurrency=Infinity] - An optional `integer` for
 * determining the maximum number of tasks that can be run in parallel. By
 * default, as many as possible.
 * @param {Function} [callback] - An optional callback which is called when all
 * the tasks have been completed. It receives the `err` argument if any `tasks`
 * pass an error to their callback. Results are always returned; however, if an
 * error occurs, no further `tasks` will be performed, and the results object
 * will only contain partial results. Invoked with (err, results).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if a callback is not passed
 * @example
 *
 * //Using Callbacks
 * async.auto({
 *     get_data: function(callback) {
 *         // async code to get some data
 *         callback(null, 'data', 'converted to array');
 *     },
 *     make_folder: function(callback) {
 *         // async code to create a directory to store a file in
 *         // this is run at the same time as getting the data
 *         callback(null, 'folder');
 *     },
 *     write_file: ['get_data', 'make_folder', function(results, callback) {
 *         // once there is some data and the directory exists,
 *         // write the data to a file in the directory
 *         callback(null, 'filename');
 *     }],
 *     email_link: ['write_file', function(results, callback) {
 *         // once the file is written let's email a link to it...
 *         callback(null, {'file':results.write_file, 'email':'user@example.com'});
 *     }]
 * }, function(err, results) {
 *     if (err) {
 *         console.log('err = ', err);
 *     }
 *     console.log('results = ', results);
 *     // results = {
 *     //     get_data: ['data', 'converted to array']
 *     //     make_folder; 'folder',
 *     //     write_file: 'filename'
 *     //     email_link: { file: 'filename', email: 'user@example.com' }
 *     // }
 * });
 *
 * //Using Promises
 * async.auto({
 *     get_data: function(callback) {
 *         console.log('in get_data');
 *         // async code to get some data
 *         callback(null, 'data', 'converted to array');
 *     },
 *     make_folder: function(callback) {
 *         console.log('in make_folder');
 *         // async code to create a directory to store a file in
 *         // this is run at the same time as getting the data
 *         callback(null, 'folder');
 *     },
 *     write_file: ['get_data', 'make_folder', function(results, callback) {
 *         // once there is some data and the directory exists,
 *         // write the data to a file in the directory
 *         callback(null, 'filename');
 *     }],
 *     email_link: ['write_file', function(results, callback) {
 *         // once the file is written let's email a link to it...
 *         callback(null, {'file':results.write_file, 'email':'user@example.com'});
 *     }]
 * }).then(results => {
 *     console.log('results = ', results);
 *     // results = {
 *     //     get_data: ['data', 'converted to array']
 *     //     make_folder; 'folder',
 *     //     write_file: 'filename'
 *     //     email_link: { file: 'filename', email: 'user@example.com' }
 *     // }
 * }).catch(err => {
 *     console.log('err = ', err);
 * });
 *
 * //Using async/await
 * async () => {
 *     try {
 *         let results = await async.auto({
 *             get_data: function(callback) {
 *                 // async code to get some data
 *                 callback(null, 'data', 'converted to array');
 *             },
 *             make_folder: function(callback) {
 *                 // async code to create a directory to store a file in
 *                 // this is run at the same time as getting the data
 *                 callback(null, 'folder');
 *             },
 *             write_file: ['get_data', 'make_folder', function(results, callback) {
 *                 // once there is some data and the directory exists,
 *                 // write the data to a file in the directory
 *                 callback(null, 'filename');
 *             }],
 *             email_link: ['write_file', function(results, callback) {
 *                 // once the file is written let's email a link to it...
 *                 callback(null, {'file':results.write_file, 'email':'user@example.com'});
 *             }]
 *         });
 *         console.log('results = ', results);
 *         // results = {
 *         //     get_data: ['data', 'converted to array']
 *         //     make_folder; 'folder',
 *         //     write_file: 'filename'
 *         //     email_link: { file: 'filename', email: 'user@example.com' }
 *         // }
 *     }
 *     catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     }
 * }
 *
 */

/**
 * Generic 'Credentials' dialog
 * 
 * @namespace   Tine.widgets.dialog
 * @class       Tine.Courses.AddMemberDialog
 * @extends     Tine.widgets.dialog.EditDialog
 * @constructor
 * @param       {Object} config The configuration options.
 */

/**
 * It runs each task in series but stops whenever any of the functions were
 * successful. If one of the tasks were successful, the `callback` will be
 * passed the result of the successful task. If all tasks fail, the callback
 * will be passed the error and result (if any) of the final attempt.
 *
 * @name tryEach
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
 * @method
 * @category Control Flow
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} tasks - A collection containing functions to
 * run, each function is passed a `callback(err, result)` it must call on
 * completion with an error `err` (which can be `null`) and an optional `result`
 * value.
 * @param {Function} [callback] - An optional callback which is called when one
 * of the tasks has succeeded, or all have failed. It receives the `err` and
 * `result` arguments of the last attempt at completing the `task`. Invoked with
 * (err, results).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback is passed
 * @example
 * async.tryEach([
 *     function getDataFromFirstWebsite(callback) {
 *         // Try getting the data from the first website
 *         callback(err, data);
 *     },
 *     function getDataFromSecondWebsite(callback) {
 *         // First website failed,
 *         // Try getting the data from the backup website
 *         callback(err, data);
 *     }
 * ],
 * // optional callback
 * function(err, results) {
 *     Now do something with the data.
 * });
 *
 */

/**
 * Like ['doWhilst']{@link module:ControlFlow.doWhilst}, except the `test` is inverted. Note the
 * argument ordering differs from `until`.
 *
 * @name doUntil
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
 * @method
 * @see [async.doWhilst]{@link module:ControlFlow.doWhilst}
 * @category Control Flow
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - An async function which is called each time
 * `test` fails. Invoked with (callback).
 * @param {AsyncFunction} test - asynchronous truth test to perform after each
 * execution of `iteratee`. Invoked with (...args, callback), where `...args` are the
 * non-error args from the previous callback of `iteratee`
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after the test
 * function has passed and repeated execution of `iteratee` has stopped. `callback`
 * will be passed an error and any arguments passed to the final `iteratee`'s
 * callback. Invoked with (err, [results]);
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback is passed
 */

/**
 * Like [`each`]{@link module:Collections.each}, except that it passes the key (or index) as the second argument
 * to the iteratee.
 *
 * @name eachOf
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @alias forEachOf
 * @category Collection
 * @see [async.each]{@link module:Collections.each}
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - A function to apply to each
 * item in `coll`.
 * The `key` is the item's key, or index in the case of an array.
 * Invoked with (item, key, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all
 * `iteratee` functions have finished, or an error occurs. Invoked with (err).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if a callback is omitted
 * @example
 *
 * // dev.json is a file containing a valid json object config for dev environment
 * // dev.json is a file containing a valid json object config for test environment
 * // prod.json is a file containing a valid json object config for prod environment
 * // invalid.json is a file with a malformed json object
 *
 * let configs = {}; //global variable
 * let validConfigFileMap = {dev: 'dev.json', test: 'test.json', prod: 'prod.json'};
 * let invalidConfigFileMap = {dev: 'dev.json', test: 'test.json', invalid: 'invalid.json'};
 *
 * // asynchronous function that reads a json file and parses the contents as json object
 * function parseFile(file, key, callback) {
 *     fs.readFile(file, "utf8", function(err, data) {
 *         if (err) return calback(err);
 *         try {
 *             configs[key] = JSON.parse(data);
 *         } catch (e) {
 *             return callback(e);
 *         }
 *         callback();
 *     });
 * }
 *
 * // Using callbacks
 * async.forEachOf(validConfigFileMap, parseFile, function (err) {
 *     if (err) {
 *         console.error(err);
 *     } else {
 *         console.log(configs);
 *         // configs is now a map of JSON data, e.g.
 *         // { dev: //parsed dev.json, test: //parsed test.json, prod: //parsed prod.json}
 *     }
 * });
 *
 * //Error handing
 * async.forEachOf(invalidConfigFileMap, parseFile, function (err) {
 *     if (err) {
 *         console.error(err);
 *         // JSON parse error exception
 *     } else {
 *         console.log(configs);
 *     }
 * });
 *
 * // Using Promises
 * async.forEachOf(validConfigFileMap, parseFile)
 * .then( () => {
 *     console.log(configs);
 *     // configs is now a map of JSON data, e.g.
 *     // { dev: //parsed dev.json, test: //parsed test.json, prod: //parsed prod.json}
 * }).catch( err => {
 *     console.error(err);
 * });
 *
 * //Error handing
 * async.forEachOf(invalidConfigFileMap, parseFile)
 * .then( () => {
 *     console.log(configs);
 * }).catch( err => {
 *     console.error(err);
 *     // JSON parse error exception
 * });
 *
 * // Using async/await
 * async () => {
 *     try {
 *         let result = await async.forEachOf(validConfigFileMap, parseFile);
 *         console.log(configs);
 *         // configs is now a map of JSON data, e.g.
 *         // { dev: //parsed dev.json, test: //parsed test.json, prod: //parsed prod.json}
 *     }
 *     catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     }
 * }
 *
 * //Error handing
 * async () => {
 *     try {
 *         let result = await async.forEachOf(invalidConfigFileMap, parseFile);
 *         console.log(configs);
 *     }
 *     catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *         // JSON parse error exception
 *     }
 * }
 *
 */

/**
 * Logs the result of an [`async` function]{@link AsyncFunction} to the
 * `console` using `console.dir` to display the properties of the resulting object.
 * Only works in Node.js or in browsers that support `console.dir` and
 * `console.error` (such as FF and Chrome).
 * If multiple arguments are returned from the async function,
 * `console.dir` is called on each argument in order.
 *
 * @name dir
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Utils
 * @method
 * @category Util
 * @param {AsyncFunction} function - The function you want to eventually apply
 * all arguments to.
 * @param {...*} arguments... - Any number of arguments to apply to the function.
 * @example
 *
 * // in a module
 * var hello = function(name, callback) {
 *     setTimeout(function() {
 *         callback(null, {hello: name});
 *     }, 1000);
 * };
 *
 * // in the node repl
 * node> async.dir(hello, 'world');
 * {hello: 'world'}
 */

/**
 * Logs the result of an `async` function to the `console`. Only works in
 * Node.js or in browsers that support `console.log` and `console.error` (such
 * as FF and Chrome). If multiple arguments are returned from the async
 * function, `console.log` is called on each argument in order.
 *
 * @name log
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Utils
 * @method
 * @category Util
 * @param {AsyncFunction} function - The function you want to eventually apply
 * all arguments to.
 * @param {...*} arguments... - Any number of arguments to apply to the function.
 * @example
 *
 * // in a module
 * var hello = function(name, callback) {
 *     setTimeout(function() {
 *         callback(null, 'hello ' + name);
 *     }, 1000);
 * };
 *
 * // in the node repl
 * node> async.log(hello, 'world');
 * 'hello world'
 */

/**
 * Produces a new collection of values by mapping each value in `coll` through
 * the `iteratee` function. The `iteratee` is called with an item from `coll`
 * and a callback for when it has finished processing. Each of these callbacks
 * takes 2 arguments: an `error`, and the transformed item from `coll`. If
 * `iteratee` passes an error to its callback, the main `callback` (for the
 * `map` function) is immediately called with the error.
 *
 * Note, that since this function applies the `iteratee` to each item in
 * parallel, there is no guarantee that the `iteratee` functions will complete
 * in order. However, the results array will be in the same order as the
 * original `coll`.
 *
 * If `map` is passed an Object, the results will be an Array.  The results
 * will roughly be in the order of the original Objects' keys (but this can
 * vary across JavaScript engines).
 *
 * @name map
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - An async function to apply to each item in
 * `coll`.
 * The iteratee should complete with the transformed item.
 * Invoked with (item, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all `iteratee`
 * functions have finished, or an error occurs. Results is an Array of the
 * transformed items from the `coll`. Invoked with (err, results).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback is passed
 * @example
 *
 * // file1.txt is a file that is 1000 bytes in size
 * // file2.txt is a file that is 2000 bytes in size
 * // file3.txt is a file that is 3000 bytes in size
 * // file4.txt does not exist
 *
 * const fileList = ['file1.txt','file2.txt','file3.txt'];
 * const withMissingFileList = ['file1.txt','file2.txt','file4.txt'];
 *
 * // asynchronous function that returns the file size in bytes
 * function getFileSizeInBytes(file, callback) {
 *     fs.stat(file, function(err, stat) {
 *         if (err) {
 *             return callback(err);
 *         }
 *         callback(null, stat.size);
 *     });
 * }
 *
 * // Using callbacks
 * async.map(fileList, getFileSizeInBytes, function(err, results) {
 *     if (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     } else {
 *         console.log(results);
 *         // results is now an array of the file size in bytes for each file, e.g.
 *         // [ 1000, 2000, 3000]
 *     }
 * });
 *
 * // Error Handling
 * async.map(withMissingFileList, getFileSizeInBytes, function(err, results) {
 *     if (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *         // [ Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory ]
 *     } else {
 *         console.log(results);
 *     }
 * });
 *
 * // Using Promises
 * async.map(fileList, getFileSizeInBytes)
 * .then( results => {
 *     console.log(results);
 *     // results is now an array of the file size in bytes for each file, e.g.
 *     // [ 1000, 2000, 3000]
 * }).catch( err => {
 *     console.log(err);
 * });
 *
 * // Error Handling
 * async.map(withMissingFileList, getFileSizeInBytes)
 * .then( results => {
 *     console.log(results);
 * }).catch( err => {
 *     console.log(err);
 *     // [ Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory ]
 * });
 *
 * // Using async/await
 * async () => {
 *     try {
 *         let results = await async.map(fileList, getFileSizeInBytes);
 *         console.log(results);
 *         // results is now an array of the file size in bytes for each file, e.g.
 *         // [ 1000, 2000, 3000]
 *     }
 *     catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     }
 * }
 *
 * // Error Handling
 * async () => {
 *     try {
 *         let results = await async.map(withMissingFileList, getFileSizeInBytes);
 *         console.log(results);
 *     }
 *     catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *         // [ Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory ]
 *     }
 * }
 *
 */

/**
 * Reduces `coll` into a single value using an async `iteratee` to return each
 * successive step. `memo` is the initial state of the reduction. This function
 * only operates in series.
 *
 * For performance reasons, it may make sense to split a call to this function
 * into a parallel map, and then use the normal `Array.prototype.reduce` on the
 * results. This function is for situations where each step in the reduction
 * needs to be async; if you can get the data before reducing it, then it's
 * probably a good idea to do so.
 *
 * @name reduce
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @alias inject
 * @alias foldl
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {*} memo - The initial state of the reduction.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - A function applied to each item in the
 * array to produce the next step in the reduction.
 * The `iteratee` should complete with the next state of the reduction.
 * If the iteratee completes with an error, the reduction is stopped and the
 * main `callback` is immediately called with the error.
 * Invoked with (memo, item, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
 * `iteratee` functions have finished. Result is the reduced value. Invoked with
 * (err, result).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback is passed
 * @example
 *
 * // file1.txt is a file that is 1000 bytes in size
 * // file2.txt is a file that is 2000 bytes in size
 * // file3.txt is a file that is 3000 bytes in size
 * // file4.txt does not exist
 *
 * const fileList = ['file1.txt','file2.txt','file3.txt'];
 * const withMissingFileList = ['file1.txt','file2.txt','file3.txt', 'file4.txt'];
 *
 * // asynchronous function that computes the file size in bytes
 * // file size is added to the memoized value, then returned
 * function getFileSizeInBytes(memo, file, callback) {
 *     fs.stat(file, function(err, stat) {
 *         if (err) {
 *             return callback(err);
 *         }
 *         callback(null, memo + stat.size);
 *     });
 * }
 *
 * // Using callbacks
 * async.reduce(fileList, 0, getFileSizeInBytes, function(err, result) {
 *     if (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     } else {
 *         console.log(result);
 *         // 6000
 *         // which is the sum of the file sizes of the three files
 *     }
 * });
 *
 * // Error Handling
 * async.reduce(withMissingFileList, 0, getFileSizeInBytes, function(err, result) {
 *     if (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *         // [ Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory ]
 *     } else {
 *         console.log(result);
 *     }
 * });
 *
 * // Using Promises
 * async.reduce(fileList, 0, getFileSizeInBytes)
 * .then( result => {
 *     console.log(result);
 *     // 6000
 *     // which is the sum of the file sizes of the three files
 * }).catch( err => {
 *     console.log(err);
 * });
 *
 * // Error Handling
 * async.reduce(withMissingFileList, 0, getFileSizeInBytes)
 * .then( result => {
 *     console.log(result);
 * }).catch( err => {
 *     console.log(err);
 *     // [ Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory ]
 * });
 *
 * // Using async/await
 * async () => {
 *     try {
 *         let result = await async.reduce(fileList, 0, getFileSizeInBytes);
 *         console.log(result);
 *         // 6000
 *         // which is the sum of the file sizes of the three files
 *     }
 *     catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     }
 * }
 *
 * // Error Handling
 * async () => {
 *     try {
 *         let result = await async.reduce(withMissingFileList, 0, getFileSizeInBytes);
 *         console.log(result);
 *     }
 *     catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *         // [ Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory ]
 *     }
 * }
 *
 */

/**
 * Repeatedly call `iteratee` until `test` returns `true`. Calls `callback` when
 * stopped, or an error occurs. `callback` will be passed an error and any
 * arguments passed to the final `iteratee`'s callback.
 *
 * The inverse of [whilst]{@link module:ControlFlow.whilst}.
 *
 * @name until
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
 * @method
 * @see [async.whilst]{@link module:ControlFlow.whilst}
 * @category Control Flow
 * @param {AsyncFunction} test - asynchronous truth test to perform before each
 * execution of `iteratee`. Invoked with (callback).
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - An async function which is called each time
 * `test` fails. Invoked with (callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after the test
 * function has passed and repeated execution of `iteratee` has stopped. `callback`
 * will be passed an error and any arguments passed to the final `iteratee`'s
 * callback. Invoked with (err, [results]);
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if a callback is not passed
 *
 * @example
 * const results = []
 * let finished = false
 * async.until(function test(cb) {
 *     cb(null, finished)
 * }, function iter(next) {
 *     fetchPage(url, (err, body) => {
 *         if (err) return next(err)
 *         results = results.concat(body.objects)
 *         finished = !!body.next
 *         next(err)
 *     })
 * }, function done (err) {
 *     // all pages have been fetched
 * })
 */

/**
 * Repeatedly call `iteratee`, while `test` returns `true`. Calls `callback` when
 * stopped, or an error occurs.
 *
 * @name whilst
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
 * @method
 * @category Control Flow
 * @param {AsyncFunction} test - asynchronous truth test to perform before each
 * execution of `iteratee`. Invoked with ().
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - An async function which is called each time
 * `test` passes. Invoked with (callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after the test
 * function has failed and repeated execution of `iteratee` has stopped. `callback`
 * will be passed an error and any arguments passed to the final `iteratee`'s
 * callback. Invoked with (err, [results]);
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback is passed
 * @example
 *
 * var count = 0;
 * async.whilst(
 *     function test(cb) { cb(null, count < 5); },
 *     function iter(callback) {
 *         count++;
 *         setTimeout(function() {
 *             callback(null, count);
 *         }, 1000);
 *     },
 *     function (err, n) {
 *         // 5 seconds have passed, n = 5
 *     }
 * );
 */

/**
 * Returns `true` if at least one element in the `coll` satisfies an async test.
 * If any iteratee call returns `true`, the main `callback` is immediately
 * called.
 *
 * @name some
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @alias any
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - An async truth test to apply to each item
 * in the collections in parallel.
 * The iteratee should complete with a boolean `result` value.
 * Invoked with (item, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called as soon as any
 * iteratee returns `true`, or after all the iteratee functions have finished.
 * Result will be either `true` or `false` depending on the values of the async
 * tests. Invoked with (err, result).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback provided
 * @example
 *
 * // dir1 is a directory that contains file1.txt, file2.txt
 * // dir2 is a directory that contains file3.txt, file4.txt
 * // dir3 is a directory that contains file5.txt
 * // dir4 does not exist
 *
 * // asynchronous function that checks if a file exists
 * function fileExists(file, callback) {
 *    fs.access(file, fs.constants.F_OK, (err) => {
 *        callback(null, !err);
 *    });
 * }
 *
 * // Using callbacks
 * async.some(['dir1/missing.txt','dir2/missing.txt','dir3/file5.txt'], fileExists,
 *    function(err, result) {
 *        console.log(result);
 *        // true
 *        // result is true since some file in the list exists
 *    }
 *);
 *
 * async.some(['dir1/missing.txt','dir2/missing.txt','dir4/missing.txt'], fileExists,
 *    function(err, result) {
 *        console.log(result);
 *        // false
 *        // result is false since none of the files exists
 *    }
 *);
 *
 * // Using Promises
 * async.some(['dir1/missing.txt','dir2/missing.txt','dir3/file5.txt'], fileExists)
 * .then( result => {
 *     console.log(result);
 *     // true
 *     // result is true since some file in the list exists
 * }).catch( err => {
 *     console.log(err);
 * });
 *
 * async.some(['dir1/missing.txt','dir2/missing.txt','dir4/missing.txt'], fileExists)
 * .then( result => {
 *     console.log(result);
 *     // false
 *     // result is false since none of the files exists
 * }).catch( err => {
 *     console.log(err);
 * });
 *
 * // Using async/await
 * async () => {
 *     try {
 *         let result = await async.some(['dir1/missing.txt','dir2/missing.txt','dir3/file5.txt'], fileExists);
 *         console.log(result);
 *         // true
 *         // result is true since some file in the list exists
 *     }
 *     catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     }
 * }
 *
 * async () => {
 *     try {
 *         let result = await async.some(['dir1/missing.txt','dir2/missing.txt','dir4/missing.txt'], fileExists);
 *         console.log(result);
 *         // false
 *         // result is false since none of the files exists
 *     }
 *     catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     }
 * }
 *
 */

/**
 * Returns `true` if every element in `coll` satisfies an async test. If any
 * iteratee call returns `false`, the main `callback` is immediately called.
 *
 * @name every
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @alias all
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - An async truth test to apply to each item
 * in the collection in parallel.
 * The iteratee must complete with a boolean result value.
 * Invoked with (item, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
 * `iteratee` functions have finished. Result will be either `true` or `false`
 * depending on the values of the async tests. Invoked with (err, result).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback provided
 * @example
 *
 * // dir1 is a directory that contains file1.txt, file2.txt
 * // dir2 is a directory that contains file3.txt, file4.txt
 * // dir3 is a directory that contains file5.txt
 * // dir4 does not exist
 *
 * const fileList = ['dir1/file1.txt','dir2/file3.txt','dir3/file5.txt'];
 * const withMissingFileList = ['file1.txt','file2.txt','file4.txt'];
 *
 * // asynchronous function that checks if a file exists
 * function fileExists(file, callback) {
 *    fs.access(file, fs.constants.F_OK, (err) => {
 *        callback(null, !err);
 *    });
 * }
 *
 * // Using callbacks
 * async.every(fileList, fileExists, function(err, result) {
 *     console.log(result);
 *     // true
 *     // result is true since every file exists
 * });
 *
 * async.every(withMissingFileList, fileExists, function(err, result) {
 *     console.log(result);
 *     // false
 *     // result is false since NOT every file exists
 * });
 *
 * // Using Promises
 * async.every(fileList, fileExists)
 * .then( result => {
 *     console.log(result);
 *     // true
 *     // result is true since every file exists
 * }).catch( err => {
 *     console.log(err);
 * });
 *
 * async.every(withMissingFileList, fileExists)
 * .then( result => {
 *     console.log(result);
 *     // false
 *     // result is false since NOT every file exists
 * }).catch( err => {
 *     console.log(err);
 * });
 *
 * // Using async/await
 * async () => {
 *     try {
 *         let result = await async.every(fileList, fileExists);
 *         console.log(result);
 *         // true
 *         // result is true since every file exists
 *     }
 *     catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     }
 * }
 *
 * async () => {
 *     try {
 *         let result = await async.every(withMissingFileList, fileExists);
 *         console.log(result);
 *         // false
 *         // result is false since NOT every file exists
 *     }
 *     catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     }
 * }
 *
 */

/**
 * Returns a function that when called, calls-back with the values provided.
 * Useful as the first function in a [`waterfall`]{@link module:ControlFlow.waterfall}, or for plugging values in to
 * [`auto`]{@link module:ControlFlow.auto}.
 *
 * @name constant
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Utils
 * @method
 * @category Util
 * @param {...*} arguments... - Any number of arguments to automatically invoke
 * callback with.
 * @returns {AsyncFunction} Returns a function that when invoked, automatically
 * invokes the callback with the previous given arguments.
 * @example
 *
 * async.waterfall([
 *     async.constant(42),
 *     function (value, next) {
 *         // value === 42
 *     },
 *     //...
 * ], callback);
 *
 * async.waterfall([
 *     async.constant(filename, "utf8"),
 *     fs.readFile,
 *     function (fileData, next) {
 *         //...
 *     }
 *     //...
 * ], callback);
 *
 * async.auto({
 *     hostname: async.constant("https://server.net/"),
 *     port: findFreePort,
 *     launchServer: ["hostname", "port", function (options, cb) {
 *         startServer(options, cb);
 *     }],
 *     //...
 * }, callback);
 */

/**
 * Returns a new array of all the values in `coll` which pass an async truth
 * test. This operation is performed in parallel, but the results array will be
 * in the same order as the original.
 *
 * @name filter
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @alias select
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in `coll`.
 * The `iteratee` is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)`, which must be called
 * with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with (item, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
 * `iteratee` functions have finished. Invoked with (err, results).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback provided
 * @example
 *
 * // dir1 is a directory that contains file1.txt, file2.txt
 * // dir2 is a directory that contains file3.txt, file4.txt
 * // dir3 is a directory that contains file5.txt
 *
 * const files = ['dir1/file1.txt','dir2/file3.txt','dir3/file6.txt'];
 *
 * // asynchronous function that checks if a file exists
 * function fileExists(file, callback) {
 *    fs.access(file, fs.constants.F_OK, (err) => {
 *        callback(null, !err);
 *    });
 * }
 *
 * // Using callbacks
 * async.filter(files, fileExists, function(err, results) {
 *    if(err) {
 *        console.log(err);
 *    } else {
 *        console.log(results);
 *        // [ 'dir1/file1.txt', 'dir2/file3.txt' ]
 *        // results is now an array of the existing files
 *    }
 * });
 *
 * // Using Promises
 * async.filter(files, fileExists)
 * .then(results => {
 *     console.log(results);
 *     // [ 'dir1/file1.txt', 'dir2/file3.txt' ]
 *     // results is now an array of the existing files
 * }).catch(err => {
 *     console.log(err);
 * });
 *
 * // Using async/await
 * async () => {
 *     try {
 *         let results = await async.filter(files, fileExists);
 *         console.log(results);
 *         // [ 'dir1/file1.txt', 'dir2/file3.txt' ]
 *         // results is now an array of the existing files
 *     }
 *     catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     }
 * }
 *
 */

/**
 * Returns a new object, where each value corresponds to an array of items, from
 * `coll`, that returned the corresponding key. That is, the keys of the object
 * correspond to the values passed to the `iteratee` callback.
 *
 * Note: Since this function applies the `iteratee` to each item in parallel,
 * there is no guarantee that the `iteratee` functions will complete in order.
 * However, the values for each key in the `result` will be in the same order as
 * the original `coll`. For Objects, the values will roughly be in the order of
 * the original Objects' keys (but this can vary across JavaScript engines).
 *
 * @name groupBy
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - An async function to apply to each item in
 * `coll`.
 * The iteratee should complete with a `key` to group the value under.
 * Invoked with (value, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all `iteratee`
 * functions have finished, or an error occurs. Result is an `Object` whoses
 * properties are arrays of values which returned the corresponding key.
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback is passed
 * @example
 *
 * // dir1 is a directory that contains file1.txt, file2.txt
 * // dir2 is a directory that contains file3.txt, file4.txt
 * // dir3 is a directory that contains file5.txt
 * // dir4 does not exist
 *
 * const files = ['dir1/file1.txt','dir2','dir4']
 *
 * // asynchronous function that detects file type as none, file, or directory
 * function detectFile(file, callback) {
 *     fs.stat(file, function(err, stat) {
 *         if (err) {
 *             return callback(null, 'none');
 *         }
 *         callback(null, stat.isDirectory() ? 'directory' : 'file');
 *     });
 * }
 *
 * //Using callbacks
 * async.groupBy(files, detectFile, function(err, result) {
 *     if(err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     } else {
 *	       console.log(result);
 *         // {
 *         //     file: [ 'dir1/file1.txt' ],
 *         //     none: [ 'dir4' ],
 *         //     directory: [ 'dir2']
 *         // }
 *         // result is object containing the files grouped by type
 *     }
 * });
 *
 * // Using Promises
 * async.groupBy(files, detectFile)
 * .then( result => {
 *     console.log(result);
 *     // {
 *     //     file: [ 'dir1/file1.txt' ],
 *     //     none: [ 'dir4' ],
 *     //     directory: [ 'dir2']
 *     // }
 *     // result is object containing the files grouped by type
 * }).catch( err => {
 *     console.log(err);
 * });
 *
 * // Using async/await
 * async () => {
 *     try {
 *         let result = await async.groupBy(files, detectFile);
 *         console.log(result);
 *         // {
 *         //     file: [ 'dir1/file1.txt' ],
 *         //     none: [ 'dir4' ],
 *         //     directory: [ 'dir2']
 *         // }
 *         // result is object containing the files grouped by type
 *     }
 *     catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     }
 * }
 *
 */

/**
 * Returns the first value in `coll` that passes an async truth test. The
 * `iteratee` is applied in parallel, meaning the first iteratee to return
 * `true` will fire the detect `callback` with that result. That means the
 * result might not be the first item in the original `coll` (in terms of order)
 * that passes the test.

 * If order within the original `coll` is important, then look at
 * [`detectSeries`]{@link module:Collections.detectSeries}.
 *
 * @name detect
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @alias find
 * @category Collections
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in `coll`.
 * The iteratee must complete with a boolean value as its result.
 * Invoked with (item, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called as soon as any
 * iteratee returns `true`, or after all the `iteratee` functions have finished.
 * Result will be the first item in the array that passes the truth test
 * (iteratee) or the value `undefined` if none passed. Invoked with
 * (err, result).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if a callback is omitted
 * @example
 *
 * // dir1 is a directory that contains file1.txt, file2.txt
 * // dir2 is a directory that contains file3.txt, file4.txt
 * // dir3 is a directory that contains file5.txt
 *
 * // asynchronous function that checks if a file exists
 * function fileExists(file, callback) {
 *    fs.access(file, fs.constants.F_OK, (err) => {
 *        callback(null, !err);
 *    });
 * }
 *
 * async.detect(['file3.txt','file2.txt','dir1/file1.txt'], fileExists,
 *    function(err, result) {
 *        console.log(result);
 *        // dir1/file1.txt
 *        // result now equals the first file in the list that exists
 *    }
 *);
 *
 * // Using Promises
 * async.detect(['file3.txt','file2.txt','dir1/file1.txt'], fileExists)
 * .then(result => {
 *     console.log(result);
 *     // dir1/file1.txt
 *     // result now equals the first file in the list that exists
 * }).catch(err => {
 *     console.log(err);
 * });
 *
 * // Using async/await
 * async () => {
 *     try {
 *         let result = await async.detect(['file3.txt','file2.txt','dir1/file1.txt'], fileExists);
 *         console.log(result);
 *         // dir1/file1.txt
 *         // result now equals the file in the list that exists
 *     }
 *     catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     }
 * }
 *
 */

/**
 * Run the `tasks` collection of functions in parallel, without waiting until
 * the previous function has completed. If any of the functions pass an error to
 * its callback, the main `callback` is immediately called with the value of the
 * error. Once the `tasks` have completed, the results are passed to the final
 * `callback` as an array.
 *
 * **Note:** `parallel` is about kicking-off I/O tasks in parallel, not about
 * parallel execution of code.  If your tasks do not use any timers or perform
 * any I/O, they will actually be executed in series.  Any synchronous setup
 * sections for each task will happen one after the other.  JavaScript remains
 * single-threaded.
 *
 * **Hint:** Use [`reflect`]{@link module:Utils.reflect} to continue the
 * execution of other tasks when a task fails.
 *
 * It is also possible to use an object instead of an array. Each property will
 * be run as a function and the results will be passed to the final `callback`
 * as an object instead of an array. This can be a more readable way of handling
 * results from {@link async.parallel}.
 *
 * @name parallel
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
 * @method
 * @category Control Flow
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} tasks - A collection of
 * [async functions]{@link AsyncFunction} to run.
 * Each async function can complete with any number of optional `result` values.
 * @param {Function} [callback] - An optional callback to run once all the
 * functions have completed successfully. This function gets a results array
 * (or object) containing all the result arguments passed to the task callbacks.
 * Invoked with (err, results).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if a callback is not passed
 *
 * @example
 *
 * //Using Callbacks
 * async.parallel([
 *     function(callback) {
 *         setTimeout(function() {
 *             callback(null, 'one');
 *         }, 200);
 *     },
 *     function(callback) {
 *         setTimeout(function() {
 *             callback(null, 'two');
 *         }, 100);
 *     }
 * ], function(err, results) {
 *     console.log(results);
 *     // results is equal to ['one','two'] even though
 *     // the second function had a shorter timeout.
 * });
 *
 * // an example using an object instead of an array
 * async.parallel({
 *     one: function(callback) {
 *         setTimeout(function() {
 *             callback(null, 1);
 *         }, 200);
 *     },
 *     two: function(callback) {
 *         setTimeout(function() {
 *             callback(null, 2);
 *         }, 100);
 *     }
 * }, function(err, results) {
 *     console.log(results);
 *     // results is equal to: { one: 1, two: 2 }
 * });
 *
 * //Using Promises
 * async.parallel([
 *     function(callback) {
 *         setTimeout(function() {
 *             callback(null, 'one');
 *         }, 200);
 *     },
 *     function(callback) {
 *         setTimeout(function() {
 *             callback(null, 'two');
 *         }, 100);
 *     }
 * ]).then(results => {
 *     console.log(results);
 *     // results is equal to ['one','two'] even though
 *     // the second function had a shorter timeout.
 * }).catch(err => {
 *     console.log(err);
 * });
 *
 * // an example using an object instead of an array
 * async.parallel({
 *     one: function(callback) {
 *         setTimeout(function() {
 *             callback(null, 1);
 *         }, 200);
 *     },
 *     two: function(callback) {
 *         setTimeout(function() {
 *             callback(null, 2);
 *         }, 100);
 *     }
 * }).then(results => {
 *     console.log(results);
 *     // results is equal to: { one: 1, two: 2 }
 * }).catch(err => {
 *     console.log(err);
 * });
 *
 * //Using async/await
 * async () => {
 *     try {
 *         let results = await async.parallel([
 *             function(callback) {
 *                 setTimeout(function() {
 *                     callback(null, 'one');
 *                 }, 200);
 *             },
 *             function(callback) {
 *                 setTimeout(function() {
 *                     callback(null, 'two');
 *                 }, 100);
 *             }
 *         ]);
 *         console.log(results);
 *         // results is equal to ['one','two'] even though
 *         // the second function had a shorter timeout.
 *     }
 *     catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     }
 * }
 *
 * // an example using an object instead of an array
 * async () => {
 *     try {
 *         let results = await async.parallel({
 *             one: function(callback) {
 *                 setTimeout(function() {
 *                     callback(null, 1);
 *                 }, 200);
 *             },
 *            two: function(callback) {
 *                 setTimeout(function() {
 *                     callback(null, 2);
 *                 }, 100);
 *            }
 *         });
 *         console.log(results);
 *         // results is equal to: { one: 1, two: 2 }
 *     }
 *     catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     }
 * }
 *
 */

/**
 * Run the functions in the `tasks` collection in series, each one running once
 * the previous function has completed. If any functions in the series pass an
 * error to its callback, no more functions are run, and `callback` is
 * immediately called with the value of the error. Otherwise, `callback`
 * receives an array of results when `tasks` have completed.
 *
 * It is also possible to use an object instead of an array. Each property will
 * be run as a function, and the results will be passed to the final `callback`
 * as an object instead of an array. This can be a more readable way of handling
 *  results from {@link async.series}.
 *
 * **Note** that while many implementations preserve the order of object
 * properties, the [ECMAScript Language Specification](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-8.6)
 * explicitly states that
 *
 * > The mechanics and order of enumerating the properties is not specified.
 *
 * So if you rely on the order in which your series of functions are executed,
 * and want this to work on all platforms, consider using an array.
 *
 * @name series
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
 * @method
 * @category Control Flow
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} tasks - A collection containing
 * [async functions]{@link AsyncFunction} to run in series.
 * Each function can complete with any number of optional `result` values.
 * @param {Function} [callback] - An optional callback to run once all the
 * functions have completed. This function gets a results array (or object)
 * containing all the result arguments passed to the `task` callbacks. Invoked
 * with (err, result).
 * @return {Promise} a promise, if no callback is passed
 * @example
 *
 * //Using Callbacks
 * async.series([
 *     function(callback) {
 *         setTimeout(function() {
 *             // do some async task
 *             callback(null, 'one');
 *         }, 200);
 *     },
 *     function(callback) {
 *         setTimeout(function() {
 *             // then do another async task
 *             callback(null, 'two');
 *         }, 100);
 *     }
 * ], function(err, results) {
 *     console.log(results);
 *     // results is equal to ['one','two']
 * });
 *
 * // an example using objects instead of arrays
 * async.series({
 *     one: function(callback) {
 *         setTimeout(function() {
 *             // do some async task
 *             callback(null, 1);
 *         }, 200);
 *     },
 *     two: function(callback) {
 *         setTimeout(function() {
 *             // then do another async task
 *             callback(null, 2);
 *         }, 100);
 *     }
 * }, function(err, results) {
 *     console.log(results);
 *     // results is equal to: { one: 1, two: 2 }
 * });
 *
 * //Using Promises
 * async.series([
 *     function(callback) {
 *         setTimeout(function() {
 *             callback(null, 'one');
 *         }, 200);
 *     },
 *     function(callback) {
 *         setTimeout(function() {
 *             callback(null, 'two');
 *         }, 100);
 *     }
 * ]).then(results => {
 *     console.log(results);
 *     // results is equal to ['one','two']
 * }).catch(err => {
 *     console.log(err);
 * });
 *
 * // an example using an object instead of an array
 * async.series({
 *     one: function(callback) {
 *         setTimeout(function() {
 *             // do some async task
 *             callback(null, 1);
 *         }, 200);
 *     },
 *     two: function(callback) {
 *         setTimeout(function() {
 *             // then do another async task
 *             callback(null, 2);
 *         }, 100);
 *     }
 * }).then(results => {
 *     console.log(results);
 *     // results is equal to: { one: 1, two: 2 }
 * }).catch(err => {
 *     console.log(err);
 * });
 *
 * //Using async/await
 * async () => {
 *     try {
 *         let results = await async.series([
 *             function(callback) {
 *                 setTimeout(function() {
 *                     // do some async task
 *                     callback(null, 'one');
 *                 }, 200);
 *             },
 *             function(callback) {
 *                 setTimeout(function() {
 *                     // then do another async task
 *                     callback(null, 'two');
 *                 }, 100);
 *             }
 *         ]);
 *         console.log(results);
 *         // results is equal to ['one','two']
 *     }
 *     catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     }
 * }
 *
 * // an example using an object instead of an array
 * async () => {
 *     try {
 *         let results = await async.parallel({
 *             one: function(callback) {
 *                 setTimeout(function() {
 *                     // do some async task
 *                     callback(null, 1);
 *                 }, 200);
 *             },
 *            two: function(callback) {
 *                 setTimeout(function() {
 *                     // then do another async task
 *                     callback(null, 2);
 *                 }, 100);
 *            }
 *         });
 *         console.log(results);
 *         // results is equal to: { one: 1, two: 2 }
 *     }
 *     catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     }
 * }
 *
 */

/**
 * Runs the `tasks` array of functions in parallel, without waiting until the
 * previous function has completed. Once any of the `tasks` complete or pass an
 * error to its callback, the main `callback` is immediately called. It's
 * equivalent to `Promise.race()`.
 *
 * @name race
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
 * @method
 * @category Control Flow
 * @param {Array} tasks - An array containing [async functions]{@link AsyncFunction}
 * to run. Each function can complete with an optional `result` value.
 * @param {Function} callback - A callback to run once any of the functions have
 * completed. This function gets an error or result from the first function that
 * completed. Invoked with (err, result).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if a callback is omitted
 * @example
 *
 * async.race([
 *     function(callback) {
 *         setTimeout(function() {
 *             callback(null, 'one');
 *         }, 200);
 *     },
 *     function(callback) {
 *         setTimeout(function() {
 *             callback(null, 'two');
 *         }, 100);
 *     }
 * ],
 * // main callback
 * function(err, result) {
 *     // the result will be equal to 'two' as it finishes earlier
 * });
 */

/**
 * Runs the `tasks` array of functions in series, each passing their results to
 * the next in the array. However, if any of the `tasks` pass an error to their
 * own callback, the next function is not executed, and the main `callback` is
 * immediately called with the error.
 *
 * @name waterfall
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
 * @method
 * @category Control Flow
 * @param {Array} tasks - An array of [async functions]{@link AsyncFunction}
 * to run.
 * Each function should complete with any number of `result` values.
 * The `result` values will be passed as arguments, in order, to the next task.
 * @param {Function} [callback] - An optional callback to run once all the
 * functions have completed. This will be passed the results of the last task's
 * callback. Invoked with (err, [results]).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if a callback is omitted
 * @example
 *
 * async.waterfall([
 *     function(callback) {
 *         callback(null, 'one', 'two');
 *     },
 *     function(arg1, arg2, callback) {
 *         // arg1 now equals 'one' and arg2 now equals 'two'
 *         callback(null, 'three');
 *     },
 *     function(arg1, callback) {
 *         // arg1 now equals 'three'
 *         callback(null, 'done');
 *     }
 * ], function (err, result) {
 *     // result now equals 'done'
 * });
 *
 * // Or, with named functions:
 * async.waterfall([
 *     myFirstFunction,
 *     mySecondFunction,
 *     myLastFunction,
 * ], function (err, result) {
 *     // result now equals 'done'
 * });
 * function myFirstFunction(callback) {
 *     callback(null, 'one', 'two');
 * }
 * function mySecondFunction(arg1, arg2, callback) {
 *     // arg1 now equals 'one' and arg2 now equals 'two'
 *     callback(null, 'three');
 * }
 * function myLastFunction(arg1, callback) {
 *     // arg1 now equals 'three'
 *     callback(null, 'done');
 * }
 */

/**
 * Same as [`reduce`]{@link module:Collections.reduce}, only operates on `array` in reverse order.
 *
 * @name reduceRight
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @see [async.reduce]{@link module:Collections.reduce}
 * @alias foldr
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Array} array - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {*} memo - The initial state of the reduction.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - A function applied to each item in the
 * array to produce the next step in the reduction.
 * The `iteratee` should complete with the next state of the reduction.
 * If the iteratee completes with an error, the reduction is stopped and the
 * main `callback` is immediately called with the error.
 * Invoked with (memo, item, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
 * `iteratee` functions have finished. Result is the reduced value. Invoked with
 * (err, result).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback is passed
 */

/**
 * Sets a time limit on an asynchronous function. If the function does not call
 * its callback within the specified milliseconds, it will be called with a
 * timeout error. The code property for the error object will be `'ETIMEDOUT'`.
 *
 * @name timeout
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Utils
 * @method
 * @category Util
 * @param {AsyncFunction} asyncFn - The async function to limit in time.
 * @param {number} milliseconds - The specified time limit.
 * @param {*} [info] - Any variable you want attached (`string`, `object`, etc)
 * to timeout Error for more information..
 * @returns {AsyncFunction} Returns a wrapped function that can be used with any
 * of the control flow functions.
 * Invoke this function with the same parameters as you would `asyncFunc`.
 * @example
 *
 * function myFunction(foo, callback) {
 *     doAsyncTask(foo, function(err, data) {
 *         // handle errors
 *         if (err) return callback(err);
 *
 *         // do some stuff ...
 *
 *         // return processed data
 *         return callback(null, data);
 *     });
 * }
 *
 * var wrapped = async.timeout(myFunction, 1000);
 *
 * // call `wrapped` as you would `myFunction`
 * wrapped({ bar: 'bar' }, function(err, data) {
 *     // if `myFunction` takes < 1000 ms to execute, `err`
 *     // and `data` will have their expected values
 *
 *     // else `err` will be an Error with the code 'ETIMEDOUT'
 * });
 */

/**
 * Sorts a list by the results of running each `coll` value through an async
 * `iteratee`.
 *
 * @name sortBy
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - An async function to apply to each item in
 * `coll`.
 * The iteratee should complete with a value to use as the sort criteria as
 * its `result`.
 * Invoked with (item, callback).
 * @param {Function} callback - A callback which is called after all the
 * `iteratee` functions have finished, or an error occurs. Results is the items
 * from the original `coll` sorted by the values returned by the `iteratee`
 * calls. Invoked with (err, results).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback passed
 * @example
 *
 * // bigfile.txt is a file that is 251100 bytes in size
 * // mediumfile.txt is a file that is 11000 bytes in size
 * // smallfile.txt is a file that is 121 bytes in size
 *
 * // asynchronous function that returns the file size in bytes
 * function getFileSizeInBytes(file, callback) {
 *     fs.stat(file, function(err, stat) {
 *         if (err) {
 *             return callback(err);
 *         }
 *         callback(null, stat.size);
 *     });
 * }
 *
 * // Using callbacks
 * async.sortBy(['mediumfile.txt','smallfile.txt','bigfile.txt'], getFileSizeInBytes,
 *     function(err, results) {
 *         if (err) {
 *             console.log(err);
 *         } else {
 *             console.log(results);
 *             // results is now the original array of files sorted by
 *             // file size (ascending by default), e.g.
 *             // [ 'smallfile.txt', 'mediumfile.txt', 'bigfile.txt']
 *         }
 *     }
 * );
 *
 * // By modifying the callback parameter the
 * // sorting order can be influenced:
 *
 * // ascending order
 * async.sortBy(['mediumfile.txt','smallfile.txt','bigfile.txt'], function(file, callback) {
 *     getFileSizeInBytes(file, function(getFileSizeErr, fileSize) {
 *         if (getFileSizeErr) return callback(getFileSizeErr);
 *         callback(null, fileSize);
 *     });
 * }, function(err, results) {
 *         if (err) {
 *             console.log(err);
 *         } else {
 *             console.log(results);
 *             // results is now the original array of files sorted by
 *             // file size (ascending by default), e.g.
 *             // [ 'smallfile.txt', 'mediumfile.txt', 'bigfile.txt']
 *         }
 *     }
 * );
 *
 * // descending order
 * async.sortBy(['bigfile.txt','mediumfile.txt','smallfile.txt'], function(file, callback) {
 *     getFileSizeInBytes(file, function(getFileSizeErr, fileSize) {
 *         if (getFileSizeErr) {
 *             return callback(getFileSizeErr);
 *         }
 *         callback(null, fileSize * -1);
 *     });
 * }, function(err, results) {
 *         if (err) {
 *             console.log(err);
 *         } else {
 *             console.log(results);
 *             // results is now the original array of files sorted by
 *             // file size (ascending by default), e.g.
 *             // [ 'bigfile.txt', 'mediumfile.txt', 'smallfile.txt']
 *         }
 *     }
 * );
 *
 * // Error handling
 * async.sortBy(['mediumfile.txt','smallfile.txt','missingfile.txt'], getFileSizeInBytes,
 *     function(err, results) {
 *         if (err) {
 *             console.log(err);
 *             // [ Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory ]
 *         } else {
 *             console.log(results);
 *         }
 *     }
 * );
 *
 * // Using Promises
 * async.sortBy(['mediumfile.txt','smallfile.txt','bigfile.txt'], getFileSizeInBytes)
 * .then( results => {
 *     console.log(results);
 *     // results is now the original array of files sorted by
 *     // file size (ascending by default), e.g.
 *     // [ 'smallfile.txt', 'mediumfile.txt', 'bigfile.txt']
 * }).catch( err => {
 *     console.log(err);
 * });
 *
 * // Error handling
 * async.sortBy(['mediumfile.txt','smallfile.txt','missingfile.txt'], getFileSizeInBytes)
 * .then( results => {
 *     console.log(results);
 * }).catch( err => {
 *     console.log(err);
 *     // [ Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory ]
 * });
 *
 * // Using async/await
 * (async () => {
 *     try {
 *         let results = await async.sortBy(['bigfile.txt','mediumfile.txt','smallfile.txt'], getFileSizeInBytes);
 *         console.log(results);
 *         // results is now the original array of files sorted by
 *         // file size (ascending by default), e.g.
 *         // [ 'smallfile.txt', 'mediumfile.txt', 'bigfile.txt']
 *     }
 *     catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     }
 * })();
 *
 * // Error handling
 * async () => {
 *     try {
 *         let results = await async.sortBy(['missingfile.txt','mediumfile.txt','smallfile.txt'], getFileSizeInBytes);
 *         console.log(results);
 *     }
 *     catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *         // [ Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory ]
 *     }
 * }
 *
 */

/**
 * Take a sync function and make it async, passing its return value to a
 * callback. This is useful for plugging sync functions into a waterfall,
 * series, or other async functions. Any arguments passed to the generated
 * function will be passed to the wrapped function (except for the final
 * callback argument). Errors thrown will be passed to the callback.
 *
 * If the function passed to `asyncify` returns a Promise, that promises's
 * resolved/rejected state will be used to call the callback, rather than simply
 * the synchronous return value.
 *
 * This also means you can asyncify ES2017 `async` functions.
 *
 * @name asyncify
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Utils
 * @method
 * @alias wrapSync
 * @category Util
 * @param {Function} func - The synchronous function, or Promise-returning
 * function to convert to an {@link AsyncFunction}.
 * @returns {AsyncFunction} An asynchronous wrapper of the `func`. To be
 * invoked with `(args..., callback)`.
 * @example
 *
 * // passing a regular synchronous function
 * async.waterfall([
 *     async.apply(fs.readFile, filename, "utf8"),
 *     async.asyncify(JSON.parse),
 *     function (data, next) {
 *         // data is the result of parsing the text.
 *         // If there was a parsing error, it would have been caught.
 *     }
 * ], callback);
 *
 * // passing a function returning a promise
 * async.waterfall([
 *     async.apply(fs.readFile, filename, "utf8"),
 *     async.asyncify(function (contents) {
 *         return db.model.create(contents);
 *     }),
 *     function (model, next) {
 *         // `model` is the instantiated model object.
 *         // If there was an error, this function would be skipped.
 *     }
 * ], callback);
 *
 * // es2017 example, though `asyncify` is not needed if your JS environment
 * // supports async functions out of the box
 * var q = async.queue(async.asyncify(async function(file) {
 *     var intermediateStep = await processFile(file);
 *     return await somePromise(intermediateStep)
 * }));
 *
 * q.push(files);
 */

/**
 * The opposite of [`filter`]{@link module:Collections.filter}. Removes values that pass an `async` truth test.
 *
 * @name reject
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @see [async.filter]{@link module:Collections.filter}
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {Function} iteratee - An async truth test to apply to each item in
 * `coll`.
 * The should complete with a boolean value as its `result`.
 * Invoked with (item, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
 * `iteratee` functions have finished. Invoked with (err, results).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback is passed
 * @example
 *
 * // dir1 is a directory that contains file1.txt, file2.txt
 * // dir2 is a directory that contains file3.txt, file4.txt
 * // dir3 is a directory that contains file5.txt
 *
 * const fileList = ['dir1/file1.txt','dir2/file3.txt','dir3/file6.txt'];
 *
 * // asynchronous function that checks if a file exists
 * function fileExists(file, callback) {
 *    fs.access(file, fs.constants.F_OK, (err) => {
 *        callback(null, !err);
 *    });
 * }
 *
 * // Using callbacks
 * async.reject(fileList, fileExists, function(err, results) {
 *    // [ 'dir3/file6.txt' ]
 *    // results now equals an array of the non-existing files
 * });
 *
 * // Using Promises
 * async.reject(fileList, fileExists)
 * .then( results => {
 *     console.log(results);
 *     // [ 'dir3/file6.txt' ]
 *     // results now equals an array of the non-existing files
 * }).catch( err => {
 *     console.log(err);
 * });
 *
 * // Using async/await
 * async () => {
 *     try {
 *         let results = await async.reject(fileList, fileExists);
 *         console.log(results);
 *         // [ 'dir3/file6.txt' ]
 *         // results now equals an array of the non-existing files
 *     }
 *     catch (err) {
 *         console.log(err);
 *     }
 * }
 *
 */

/**
 * The post-check version of [`whilst`]{@link module:ControlFlow.whilst}. To reflect the difference in
 * the order of operations, the arguments `test` and `iteratee` are switched.
 *
 * `doWhilst` is to `whilst` as `do while` is to `while` in plain JavaScript.
 *
 * @name doWhilst
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
 * @method
 * @see [async.whilst]{@link module:ControlFlow.whilst}
 * @category Control Flow
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - A function which is called each time `test`
 * passes. Invoked with (callback).
 * @param {AsyncFunction} test - asynchronous truth test to perform after each
 * execution of `iteratee`. Invoked with (...args, callback), where `...args` are the
 * non-error args from the previous callback of `iteratee`.
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after the test
 * function has failed and repeated execution of `iteratee` has stopped.
 * `callback` will be passed an error and any arguments passed to the final
 * `iteratee`'s callback. Invoked with (err, [results]);
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback is passed
 */

/**
 * The same as [`applyEach`]{@link module:ControlFlow.applyEach} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
 *
 * @name applyEachSeries
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
 * @method
 * @see [async.applyEach]{@link module:ControlFlow.applyEach}
 * @category Control Flow
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} fns - A collection of {@link AsyncFunction}s to all
 * call with the same arguments
 * @param {...*} [args] - any number of separate arguments to pass to the
 * function.
 * @param {Function} [callback] - the final argument should be the callback,
 * called when all functions have completed processing.
 * @returns {AsyncFunction} - A function, that when called, is the result of
 * appling the `args` to the list of functions.  It takes no args, other than
 * a callback.
 */

/**
 * The same as [`concat`]{@link module:Collections.concat} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a time.
 *
 * @name concatLimit
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @see [async.concat]{@link module:Collections.concat}
 * @category Collection
 * @alias flatMapLimit
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - A function to apply to each item in `coll`,
 * which should use an array as its result. Invoked with (item, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
 * `iteratee` functions have finished, or an error occurs. Results is an array
 * containing the concatenated results of the `iteratee` function. Invoked with
 * (err, results).
 * @returns A Promise, if no callback is passed
 */

/**
 * The same as [`concat`]{@link module:Collections.concat} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
 *
 * @name concatSeries
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @see [async.concat]{@link module:Collections.concat}
 * @category Collection
 * @alias flatMapSeries
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - A function to apply to each item in `coll`.
 * The iteratee should complete with an array an array of results.
 * Invoked with (item, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
 * `iteratee` functions have finished, or an error occurs. Results is an array
 * containing the concatenated results of the `iteratee` function. Invoked with
 * (err, results).
 * @returns A Promise, if no callback is passed
 */

/**
 * The same as [`detect`]{@link module:Collections.detect} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a
 * time.
 *
 * @name detectLimit
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @see [async.detect]{@link module:Collections.detect}
 * @alias findLimit
 * @category Collections
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in `coll`.
 * The iteratee must complete with a boolean value as its result.
 * Invoked with (item, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called as soon as any
 * iteratee returns `true`, or after all the `iteratee` functions have finished.
 * Result will be the first item in the array that passes the truth test
 * (iteratee) or the value `undefined` if none passed. Invoked with
 * (err, result).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if a callback is omitted
 */

/**
 * The same as [`detect`]{@link module:Collections.detect} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
 *
 * @name detectSeries
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @see [async.detect]{@link module:Collections.detect}
 * @alias findSeries
 * @category Collections
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in `coll`.
 * The iteratee must complete with a boolean value as its result.
 * Invoked with (item, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called as soon as any
 * iteratee returns `true`, or after all the `iteratee` functions have finished.
 * Result will be the first item in the array that passes the truth test
 * (iteratee) or the value `undefined` if none passed. Invoked with
 * (err, result).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if a callback is omitted
 */

/**
 * The same as [`eachOf`]{@link module:Collections.eachOf} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a
 * time.
 *
 * @name eachOfLimit
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @see [async.eachOf]{@link module:Collections.eachOf}
 * @alias forEachOfLimit
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - An async function to apply to each
 * item in `coll`. The `key` is the item's key, or index in the case of an
 * array.
 * Invoked with (item, key, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all
 * `iteratee` functions have finished, or an error occurs. Invoked with (err).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if a callback is omitted
 */

/**
 * The same as [`eachOf`]{@link module:Collections.eachOf} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
 *
 * @name eachOfSeries
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @see [async.eachOf]{@link module:Collections.eachOf}
 * @alias forEachOfSeries
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - An async function to apply to each item in
 * `coll`.
 * Invoked with (item, key, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all `iteratee`
 * functions have finished, or an error occurs. Invoked with (err).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if a callback is omitted
 */

/**
 * The same as [`each`]{@link module:Collections.each} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a time.
 *
 * @name eachLimit
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @see [async.each]{@link module:Collections.each}
 * @alias forEachLimit
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - An async function to apply to each item in
 * `coll`.
 * The array index is not passed to the iteratee.
 * If you need the index, use `eachOfLimit`.
 * Invoked with (item, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all
 * `iteratee` functions have finished, or an error occurs. Invoked with (err).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if a callback is omitted
 */

/**
 * The same as [`each`]{@link module:Collections.each} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
 *
 * Note, that unlike [`each`]{@link module:Collections.each}, this function applies iteratee to each item
 * in series and therefore the iteratee functions will complete in order.

 * @name eachSeries
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @see [async.each]{@link module:Collections.each}
 * @alias forEachSeries
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - An async function to apply to each
 * item in `coll`.
 * The array index is not passed to the iteratee.
 * If you need the index, use `eachOfSeries`.
 * Invoked with (item, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all
 * `iteratee` functions have finished, or an error occurs. Invoked with (err).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if a callback is omitted
 */

/**
 * The same as [`every`]{@link module:Collections.every} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a time.
 *
 * @name everyLimit
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @see [async.every]{@link module:Collections.every}
 * @alias allLimit
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - An async truth test to apply to each item
 * in the collection in parallel.
 * The iteratee must complete with a boolean result value.
 * Invoked with (item, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
 * `iteratee` functions have finished. Result will be either `true` or `false`
 * depending on the values of the async tests. Invoked with (err, result).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback provided
 */

/**
 * The same as [`every`]{@link module:Collections.every} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
 *
 * @name everySeries
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @see [async.every]{@link module:Collections.every}
 * @alias allSeries
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - An async truth test to apply to each item
 * in the collection in series.
 * The iteratee must complete with a boolean result value.
 * Invoked with (item, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
 * `iteratee` functions have finished. Result will be either `true` or `false`
 * depending on the values of the async tests. Invoked with (err, result).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback provided
 */

/**
 * The same as [`filter`]{@link module:Collections.filter} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a
 * time.
 *
 * @name filterLimit
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @see [async.filter]{@link module:Collections.filter}
 * @alias selectLimit
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
 * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in `coll`.
 * The `iteratee` is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)`, which must be called
 * with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with (item, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
 * `iteratee` functions have finished. Invoked with (err, results).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback provided
 */

/**
 * The same as [`filter`]{@link module:Collections.filter} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
 *
 * @name filterSeries
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @see [async.filter]{@link module:Collections.filter}
 * @alias selectSeries
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {Function} iteratee - A truth test to apply to each item in `coll`.
 * The `iteratee` is passed a `callback(err, truthValue)`, which must be called
 * with a boolean argument once it has completed. Invoked with (item, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
 * `iteratee` functions have finished. Invoked with (err, results)
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback provided
 */

/**
 * The same as [`groupBy`]{@link module:Collections.groupBy} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a time.
 *
 * @name groupByLimit
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @see [async.groupBy]{@link module:Collections.groupBy}
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - An async function to apply to each item in
 * `coll`.
 * The iteratee should complete with a `key` to group the value under.
 * Invoked with (value, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all `iteratee`
 * functions have finished, or an error occurs. Result is an `Object` whoses
 * properties are arrays of values which returned the corresponding key.
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback is passed
 */

/**
 * The same as [`groupBy`]{@link module:Collections.groupBy} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
 *
 * @name groupBySeries
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @see [async.groupBy]{@link module:Collections.groupBy}
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - An async function to apply to each item in
 * `coll`.
 * The iteratee should complete with a `key` to group the value under.
 * Invoked with (value, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all `iteratee`
 * functions have finished, or an error occurs. Result is an `Object` whose
 * properties are arrays of values which returned the corresponding key.
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback is passed
 */

/**
 * The same as [`mapValues`]{@link module:Collections.mapValues} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a
 * time.
 *
 * @name mapValuesLimit
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @see [async.mapValues]{@link module:Collections.mapValues}
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Object} obj - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - A function to apply to each value and key
 * in `coll`.
 * The iteratee should complete with the transformed value as its result.
 * Invoked with (value, key, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all `iteratee`
 * functions have finished, or an error occurs. `result` is a new object consisting
 * of each key from `obj`, with each transformed value on the right-hand side.
 * Invoked with (err, result).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback is passed
 */

/**
 * The same as [`mapValues`]{@link module:Collections.mapValues} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
 *
 * @name mapValuesSeries
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @see [async.mapValues]{@link module:Collections.mapValues}
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Object} obj - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - A function to apply to each value and key
 * in `coll`.
 * The iteratee should complete with the transformed value as its result.
 * Invoked with (value, key, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all `iteratee`
 * functions have finished, or an error occurs. `result` is a new object consisting
 * of each key from `obj`, with each transformed value on the right-hand side.
 * Invoked with (err, result).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback is passed
 */

/**
 * The same as [`map`]{@link module:Collections.map} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a time.
 *
 * @name mapLimit
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @see [async.map]{@link module:Collections.map}
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - An async function to apply to each item in
 * `coll`.
 * The iteratee should complete with the transformed item.
 * Invoked with (item, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all `iteratee`
 * functions have finished, or an error occurs. Results is an array of the
 * transformed items from the `coll`. Invoked with (err, results).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback is passed
 */

/**
 * The same as [`map`]{@link module:Collections.map} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
 *
 * @name mapSeries
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @see [async.map]{@link module:Collections.map}
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - An async function to apply to each item in
 * `coll`.
 * The iteratee should complete with the transformed item.
 * Invoked with (item, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called when all `iteratee`
 * functions have finished, or an error occurs. Results is an array of the
 * transformed items from the `coll`. Invoked with (err, results).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback is passed
 */

/**
 * The same as [`parallel`]{@link module:ControlFlow.parallel} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a
 * time.
 *
 * @name parallelLimit
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
 * @method
 * @see [async.parallel]{@link module:ControlFlow.parallel}
 * @category Control Flow
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} tasks - A collection of
 * [async functions]{@link AsyncFunction} to run.
 * Each async function can complete with any number of optional `result` values.
 * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
 * @param {Function} [callback] - An optional callback to run once all the
 * functions have completed successfully. This function gets a results array
 * (or object) containing all the result arguments passed to the task callbacks.
 * Invoked with (err, results).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if a callback is not passed
 */

/**
 * The same as [`reject`]{@link module:Collections.reject} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a
 * time.
 *
 * @name rejectLimit
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @see [async.reject]{@link module:Collections.reject}
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
 * @param {Function} iteratee - An async truth test to apply to each item in
 * `coll`.
 * The should complete with a boolean value as its `result`.
 * Invoked with (item, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
 * `iteratee` functions have finished. Invoked with (err, results).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback is passed
 */

/**
 * The same as [`reject`]{@link module:Collections.reject} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
 *
 * @name rejectSeries
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @see [async.reject]{@link module:Collections.reject}
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {Function} iteratee - An async truth test to apply to each item in
 * `coll`.
 * The should complete with a boolean value as its `result`.
 * Invoked with (item, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called after all the
 * `iteratee` functions have finished. Invoked with (err, results).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback is passed
 */

/**
 * The same as [`some`]{@link module:Collections.some} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a time.
 *
 * @name someLimit
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @see [async.some]{@link module:Collections.some}
 * @alias anyLimit
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - An async truth test to apply to each item
 * in the collections in parallel.
 * The iteratee should complete with a boolean `result` value.
 * Invoked with (item, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called as soon as any
 * iteratee returns `true`, or after all the iteratee functions have finished.
 * Result will be either `true` or `false` depending on the values of the async
 * tests. Invoked with (err, result).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback provided
 */

/**
 * The same as [`some`]{@link module:Collections.some} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
 *
 * @name someSeries
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Collections
 * @method
 * @see [async.some]{@link module:Collections.some}
 * @alias anySeries
 * @category Collection
 * @param {Array|Iterable|AsyncIterable|Object} coll - A collection to iterate over.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - An async truth test to apply to each item
 * in the collections in series.
 * The iteratee should complete with a boolean `result` value.
 * Invoked with (item, callback).
 * @param {Function} [callback] - A callback which is called as soon as any
 * iteratee returns `true`, or after all the iteratee functions have finished.
 * Result will be either `true` or `false` depending on the values of the async
 * tests. Invoked with (err, result).
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback provided
 */

/**
 * The same as [async.queue]{@link module:ControlFlow.queue} only tasks are assigned a priority and
 * completed in ascending priority order.
 *
 * @name priorityQueue
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
 * @method
 * @see [async.queue]{@link module:ControlFlow.queue}
 * @category Control Flow
 * @param {AsyncFunction} worker - An async function for processing a queued task.
 * If you want to handle errors from an individual task, pass a callback to
 * `q.push()`.
 * Invoked with (task, callback).
 * @param {number} concurrency - An `integer` for determining how many `worker`
 * functions should be run in parallel.  If omitted, the concurrency defaults to
 * `1`.  If the concurrency is `0`, an error is thrown.
 * @returns {module:ControlFlow.QueueObject} A priorityQueue object to manage the tasks. There are three
 * differences between `queue` and `priorityQueue` objects:
 * * `push(task, priority, [callback])` - `priority` should be a number. If an
 *   array of `tasks` is given, all tasks will be assigned the same priority.
 * * `pushAsync(task, priority, [callback])` - the same as `priorityQueue.push`,
 *   except this returns a promise that rejects if an error occurs.
 * * The `unshift` and `unshiftAsync` methods were removed.
 */

/**
 * The same as [times]{@link module:ControlFlow.times} but runs a maximum of `limit` async operations at a
 * time.
 *
 * @name timesLimit
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
 * @method
 * @see [async.times]{@link module:ControlFlow.times}
 * @category Control Flow
 * @param {number} count - The number of times to run the function.
 * @param {number} limit - The maximum number of async operations at a time.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - The async function to call `n` times.
 * Invoked with the iteration index and a callback: (n, next).
 * @param {Function} callback - see [async.map]{@link module:Collections.map}.
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback is provided
 */

/**
 * The same as [times]{@link module:ControlFlow.times} but runs only a single async operation at a time.
 *
 * @name timesSeries
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
 * @method
 * @see [async.times]{@link module:ControlFlow.times}
 * @category Control Flow
 * @param {number} n - The number of times to run the function.
 * @param {AsyncFunction} iteratee - The async function to call `n` times.
 * Invoked with the iteration index and a callback: (n, next).
 * @param {Function} callback - see {@link module:Collections.map}.
 * @returns {Promise} a promise, if no callback is provided
 */

/**
 * Tine 2.0
 * 
 * @package     Courses
 * @license     http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html AGPL Version 3
 * @author      Cornelius Weiss <c.weiss@metaways.de>
 * @copyright   Copyright (c) 2007-2008 Metaways Infosystems GmbH (http://www.metaways.de)
 *
 */

/**
 * Tine 2.0
 * 
 * @package     Courses
 * @license     http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html AGPL Version 3
 * @author      Cornelius Weiss <c.weiss@metaways.de>
 * @copyright   Copyright (c) 2007-2012 Metaways Infosystems GmbH (http://www.metaways.de)
 *
 */

/**
 * Tine 2.0
 * 
 * @package     Courses
 * @license     http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html AGPL Version 3
 * @author      Philipp Schuele <p.schuele@metaways.de>
 * @copyright   Copyright (c) 2007-2010 Metaways Infosystems GmbH (http://www.metaways.de)
 *
 */

/**
 * Tine 2.0
 * 
 * @package     Courses
 * @license     http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html AGPL Version 3
 * @author      Philipp Schüle <p.schuele@metaways.de>
 * @copyright   Copyright (c) 2007-2012 Metaways Infosystems GmbH (http://www.metaways.de)
 *
 */

/**
 * Tine 2.0
 * 
 * @package     Tine
 * @subpackage  Widgets
 * @license     http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html AGPL Version 3
 * @author      Philipp Schüle <p.schuele@metaways.de>
 * @copyright   Copyright (c) 2012 Metaways Infosystems GmbH (http://www.metaways.de)
 * 
 */

/**
 * Undoes a [memoize]{@link module:Utils.memoize}d function, reverting it to the original,
 * unmemoized form. Handy for testing.
 *
 * @name unmemoize
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Utils
 * @method
 * @see [async.memoize]{@link module:Utils.memoize}
 * @category Util
 * @param {AsyncFunction} fn - the memoized function
 * @returns {AsyncFunction} a function that calls the original unmemoized function
 */

/**
 * Version of the compose function that is more natural to read. Each function
 * consumes the return value of the previous function. It is the equivalent of
 * [compose]{@link module:ControlFlow.compose} with the arguments reversed.
 *
 * Each function is executed with the `this` binding of the composed function.
 *
 * @name seq
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:ControlFlow
 * @method
 * @see [async.compose]{@link module:ControlFlow.compose}
 * @category Control Flow
 * @param {...AsyncFunction} functions - the asynchronous functions to compose
 * @returns {Function} a function that composes the `functions` in order
 * @example
 *
 * // Requires lodash (or underscore), express3 and dresende's orm2.
 * // Part of an app, that fetches cats of the logged user.
 * // This example uses `seq` function to avoid overnesting and error
 * // handling clutter.
 * app.get('/cats', function(request, response) {
 *     var User = request.models.User;
 *     async.seq(
 *         User.get.bind(User),  // 'User.get' has signature (id, callback(err, data))
 *         function(user, fn) {
 *             user.getCats(fn);      // 'getCats' has signature (callback(err, data))
 *         }
 *     )(req.session.user_id, function (err, cats) {
 *         if (err) {
 *             console.error(err);
 *             response.json({ status: 'error', message: err.message });
 *         } else {
 *             response.json({ status: 'ok', message: 'Cats found', data: cats });
 *         }
 *     });
 * });
 */

/**
 * Wrap an async function and ensure it calls its callback on a later tick of
 * the event loop.  If the function already calls its callback on a next tick,
 * no extra deferral is added. This is useful for preventing stack overflows
 * (`RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded`) and generally keeping
 * [Zalgo](http://blog.izs.me/post/59142742143/designing-apis-for-asynchrony)
 * contained. ES2017 `async` functions are returned as-is -- they are immune
 * to Zalgo's corrupting influences, as they always resolve on a later tick.
 *
 * @name ensureAsync
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Utils
 * @method
 * @category Util
 * @param {AsyncFunction} fn - an async function, one that expects a node-style
 * callback as its last argument.
 * @returns {AsyncFunction} Returns a wrapped function with the exact same call
 * signature as the function passed in.
 * @example
 *
 * function sometimesAsync(arg, callback) {
 *     if (cache[arg]) {
 *         return callback(null, cache[arg]); // this would be synchronous!!
 *     } else {
 *         doSomeIO(arg, callback); // this IO would be asynchronous
 *     }
 * }
 *
 * // this has a risk of stack overflows if many results are cached in a row
 * async.mapSeries(args, sometimesAsync, done);
 *
 * // this will defer sometimesAsync's callback if necessary,
 * // preventing stack overflows
 * async.mapSeries(args, async.ensureAsync(sometimesAsync), done);
 */

/**
 * Wraps the async function in another function that always completes with a
 * result object, even when it errors.
 *
 * The result object has either the property `error` or `value`.
 *
 * @name reflect
 * @static
 * @memberOf module:Utils
 * @method
 * @category Util
 * @param {AsyncFunction} fn - The async function you want to wrap
 * @returns {Function} - A function that always passes null to it's callback as
 * the error. The second argument to the callback will be an `object` with
 * either an `error` or a `value` property.
 * @example
 *
 * async.parallel([
 *     async.reflect(function(callback) {
 *         // do some stuff ...
 *         callback(null, 'one');
 *     }),
 *     async.reflect(function(callback) {
 *         // do some more stuff but error ...
 *         callback('bad stuff happened');
 *     }),
 *     async.reflect(function(callback) {
 *         // do some more stuff ...
 *         callback(null, 'two');
 *     })
 * ],
 * // optional callback
 * function(err, results) {
 *     // values
 *     // results[0].value = 'one'
 *     // results[1].error = 'bad stuff happened'
 *     // results[2].value = 'two'
 * });
 */

/**
 * credentials dialog popup / window
 */

/**
 * default backend
 */

/**
 * get filtermodel of course model
 * 
 * @namespace Tine.Courses.Model
 * @static
 * @return {Array} filterModel definition
 * 
 * TODO only add internet access filter if internet_group config is available
 */

/***/

/*, callback*/

// #1465 don't memoize if an error occurred

// 20 minutes

// A temporary value used to identify if the loop should be broken.

// Avoid trying to start too many processing operations. This can occur

// Binary min-heap implementation used for priority queue.

// Exports

// For old IE

// If url is already wrapped in quotes, remove them

// Implementation is stable, i.e. push time is considered for equal priorities

// Kahn's algorithm

// Module

// Override push to accept second parameter representing priority

// Remove unshift functions

// See #1064, #1293

// See https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#urls

// Should url be wrapped?

// Simple doubly linked list (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doubly_linked_list) implementation

// Special case to return head of iframe instead of iframe itself

// Start with a normal queue

// This will throw an exception if access to iframe is blocked

// a generic version of eachOf which can handle array, object, and iterator cases.

// activities and tags

// add configured groups here (as checkbox column) and additionalGroupMemberships fields to store model

// aliases

// block comment

// call drain immediately if there are no tasks

// concurrency is optional, shift the args.

// conditionally promisify a function.

// deal with it

// define these as fixed properties, so people get useful errors when updating

// due to cross-origin restrictions

// eachOf implementation optimized for array-likes

// for async generators

// for queue support.

// from MDN, handle object having an `hasOwnProperty` prop

// grid specific

// group fields

// http://connalle.blogspot.com/2013/10/topological-sortingkahn-algorithm.html

// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological_sorting#Kahn.27s_algorithm

// if result is Promise object

// import a list of modules into the list

// increase timeout to 20 minutes

// inline comment

// interrupt process flow till dialog is rendered

// istanbul ignore if

// istanbul ignore next

// model generics

// ngettext('Course Type', 'Course Types', n);

// ngettext('Course', 'Courses', n);

// no dependencies

// no dependencies, use the function as-is

// only activate import and ok buttons if editing existing course / user has the appropriate right

// only return a promise if a callback is omitted

// remove callback param

// return the list of modules as css string

// setup timer and call original function

// tine 2.0 notes + tags

// to adjust the next and last properties. We implement only the minimal functionality

// used for queues. This implementation assumes that the node provided by the user can be modified

// we don't care about the error, let the global error handler

// when callbacks resolve synchronously (#1267).

//console.log('done nextCb')

//console.log('got value', value)

//console.log('iterateeCallback')

//console.log('replenish awaiting')

//console.log('replenish')
